Sensation and Perception II Perception of Time. FUNCTIONS telling you duration processes that need time mathematical integration (m/s/s -> m/s) motion.

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Presentation transcript:

Sensation and Perception II Perception of Time

FUNCTIONS telling you duration processes that need time mathematical integration (m/s/s -> m/s) motion (m/s) use of motion (time to contact) telling you when to go to bed synchronizing mating (to annual cycle)

circadian rythmns light suprachiasmatic nucleus pineal melatonin biological clock temperature (hot makes it faster) drugs amphetamine --> slower pentobarbitol --> faster

lesions abolish free-running rythms activity related to circadian rythms isolated suprachiasmatic nucleus still cycles Suprachiasmatic nucleus

time seems slow time seems fast divers sick wife right answer cold hot

perceived time (eg. 60s) actual time (eg. 100s) actual time (eg. 40s) time OVERESTIMATED eg. when sick, or when something horrid is happening time UNDERESTIMATED eg. when cold or when distracted

perceived time (eg. 60s) actual time (eg. 40s) time OVERESTIMATED clock ticks faster

perceived time (eg. 60s) actual time (eg. 100s) time UNDERESTIMATED clock ticks slower

INFORMATION-STORAGE SIZE THEORY more information, takes longer ATTENTION THEORY attention-use temporal properties more attention-demanding, less you notice time...

more elements -- seems longer complexity -- seems longer ambiguous -- longer than disambiguated uncompleted more "memorable" and longer Evidence for INFORMATION-STORAGE SIZE

perceived time (eg. 60s) actual time (eg. 100s) actual time (eg. 40s) time OVERESTIMATED -- more elements time UNDERESTIMATED -- less elements INFORMATION STORAGE THEORY

"When a man sits with a pretty girl for an hour, it seems like a minute. But let him sit on a hot stove for a minute and it's longer than any hour. That's relativity!" Albert Einstein Journal of Exothermic Science and Technology (JEST, Vol. 1, No. 9; 1938).

(project with Jonathan Shulman) clock ticks slower clock ticks faster

clock ticks slower clock ticks faster

Evidence for ATTENTION theory concentrating -- faster than not concentrating "the watched pot never boils" clock ticks slower clock ticks faster concentratingnot concentrating

perceived time (eg. 60s) actual time (eg. 100s) actual time (eg. 40s) time OVERESTIMATED -- not concentrating time UNDERESTIMATED -- concentrating ATTENTION THEORY

Aging time goes faster  time/lifespan (Weber's law) clock slowing down? dopamine depletion?

Space and Time affect each other 1 seemed longer overestimation seemed faster underestimation right answer

perceived time (eg. 60s) actual time (eg. 100s) actual time (eg. 40s) time OVERESTIMATED -- small screen -- clocks ticks faster time UNDERESTIMATED -- big screen -- clock ticks slower

-- All of these represent the same speed (m/s) -- bigger distance -- faster time! compression of space = compression of time!

Space and Time affect each other 2 Tau effect (effect of time on distance) if it takes longer time between A and B then it seems longer distance

Space and Time affect each other 3 Kappa effect (effect of distance on time) If distance bigger, time between flashes seems longer.

TAU effect (time affects distance) which distance is longer: A

Or: B

KAPPA EFFECT Which interval seems longer: A

Or: B

Summary of Time Perception Functions: integration/motion/circadian rythms/mating Biology: light/suprachiasmatic nucleus/pineal/melatonin Biological clock: temperature/drugs Theories: information storage/attention Effects of aging Space/Time interactions: Tau and Kappa effects