Copyright Collective Management Role and Functioning of RROs Olav Stokkmo, CEO of IFRRO DIP – IFRRO - PUBAT Conference 22 August 2013Bangkok

Provider of reliable information on copyright-led solutions in the text and image based sector IFRRO International Federation of Reproduction Rights Organisations

The global network 140 members in 78 countries IFRRO Key Activities Communications / Information Business Approaches Regional Development Cooperates with WIPO UNESCO EU OAPI, ARIPO, LAS APEC, CERLALC CISAC, SAA, etc. IFLA, EBLIDA

RROs in 78 countries – Europe34 – Africa12 – Americas and Caribbean18 – Asia and Oceania12 Key facets of RRO activities – Awareness raising – Copyright enforcement – Licence, collect and distribute revenues; Operate on the basis of – Mandates from Authors or Publishers – Legislation RROs - Reproduction Rights Organisations Set up/Governed jointly by Authors and Publishers

IFRRO. RRO-members, total members and collected fees

Defends fundamental copyright principles & CM International Publishers Associations – Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers (STM) – International Publishers Association (IPA) – Federation of European Publishers (FEP) – European Newspaper Publishers Association (ENPA) – European Media and Magazine Publishers (EMMA) – International Federation of Magazine Publishers (FIPP) International Authors Associations – European Visual Artists (EVA) – European Writers Council (EWC) – International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) – ICOGRADA 43 National authors’ and publishers’ bodies IFRRO – The Global network 53 Creators’ and Publisher s’Associations

Income from secondary uses is indispensible to creation and investment in new works Supporting collective management is supporting economy, knowledge, culture

The educational publishing ecosystem Primary market Secondary market Exceptions 8 Valuing copyright allows investment in creativity, knowledge and culture exceptions are important; unremunerated exceptions should be limited to instances where primary and secondary markets cannot fulfil a market need efficiently

Authors 20% decline in income from secondary uses would mean a drop of 29% in output or the equivalent of 2,870 works per year. Publishers Secondary copyright payments play an important role in incentivising investment in new products Source: PWC, An economic analysis of education exceptions in copyright Provision of easy legal access to copyright works Protects both content creators and consumers Income from secondary uses Fundamental to the author & development

Seamless Access to © works – Addressing primary and secondary markets Provision of easy, legal access to © works protects users and R/Hs

ACCESS FINDING RETRIEVING USING SHARING Works Rightsholders Paid Freely available Personal use Classroom use Research/Collaboration Republication New Work Translation Print-disabled version Photocopying Internal External ing Internal External Posting Intranet Internet Storing Text & Data Mining Accessing Intellectual Property

RRO Collective Administration Contributes to seamless access to © works Individual licensing when one to one or many Collective management when many to many; when individual licensing is – Impossible Typically Orphan works – Impracticable or Insufficient Typically Multiple copying & Out-of-Print works RROs complements individual administration

Billions of copies made annually Most impossible to stop Some considered legitimate – Portions/small parts of works for Internal use Non commercial use – Example: Student’s need for a chapter of a book Heaviest users: Education Dilemma: Ban or Licence? Addressing Reprography Point of Departure

Why are photocopies made? Need for just a small part of the work Need to update information Material not available Material no longer on sale Increased flexibility

Operate on the basis of mandates from; governed jointly by Authors and Publishers  Writers including translators;  Visual artists;  Composers  Publishers (Book, journal, newspaper, magazine, music) Legislation Key facets of RRO activities  Awareness raising  Copyright enforcement  Licence, collect and distribute revenues RROs Make Copyright Work! RROs - Reproduction Rights Organisations Collective Rights Managers in text & image sector

Content of RRO repertoire licence Limited extracts 5-15%; chapter; article Personal and Internal use Permitted uses Photocopying and scanning Download, store, print, internal dissemination, external dissemination Authorised users Terms Fees Usage reporting requirements Compliance awareness

Digital sources and applications Sources Applications and uses o Scan o PPT o Printout o Whiteboard o Intranet o View o Virtual Learning Environment o Document delivery o Store o Redirect to content o o RRO content database o Analogue o Online o Electronic carrier o Internet download

RROs Areas of Collective Administration Education at all levels – Schools; Universities; Further education; Distance Education Trade and Industry Public Administration – Government; Regional; Local Religious bodies Public and Research libraries Cultural institutions Copy shops Press Cutting Agencies

RRO rights administration New areas Digital Libraries – Orphan Works – Works out of Commerce Model Licences – Secure and Open Networks Rights Clearance Databases People with print disabilities Trusted Intermediaries (TI) pilot project WIPO Stakeholder Platform - TIGAR EC Stakeholder Dialogue – MoU - ETIN

A society that values knowledge and culture values its creators Governments Vital in enforcing the © ecosystem

Legislation  Adopt appropriate legal framework  Enforce legislation Awareness raising Licensing  Take up licence for own copying  Take up licence for copying in owned institutions  Recommend and encourage copyright licensing Role of Government

Voluntary licence – China, Japan, Vietnam, U.S.A – HK, UK, Ireland (Education: Obligation to take up a licence) Voluntary License with legislative support – Extended Collective Licence - Nordic countries + Voluntary – France (Compulsory collective management) + Voluntary – Latvia, Zimbabwe (Legal presumption) Legal licence – Australia, Singapore; Italy, Netherlands, Switzerland; (+ Voluntary) – Levies Austria, Belgium, Germany, Poland, Burkina Faso (+ Voluntary) Legislation Enabling control – supporting access

Authors & Publishers Not in RRO catalogue User Voluntary Collective Licensing Agreement RRO Mandating Authors Collective Licensing Extending voluntary licenses Mandating Publishers Works may be withdrawn Legal Presumption Extended Coll. Licence Compulsory Collective Management Legal Presumption Extended Coll. Licence Compulsory Collective Management

Helps create wealth, employment and economic growth Strengthening copyright & collective management

Copyright A Fundamental Human Right! Fundamental problem: Web being free obscures the fact that people created all this data Much of the danger to middle-class professionals stems from Internet’s hostility to ownership of knowledge Restore the value of data ( Jaron Lanier: Who owns the future) Jaron Lanier virtual reality A world that values knowledge values its creators!

Economic growth Cannot be created by giving all away for free Al Gore We are nearing a threshold beyond which so many jobs are lost that the level of consumer demand falls below the level necessary to sustain healthy economic growth (Al Gore in The Future) The Copyright Sectors Fuel the Digital Economy!

Collective Management Seamless access to copyright works Safe Simple Fast Innovative Convenient Cost effective

28 Thank you!