GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction.

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GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

CA State Soil Fine, mixed, active, thermic Abruptic Durixeralfs San Joaquin Series

Smectite Soil NE Montana VertisolHawaiian Oxisol Iron and Al-oxide Rich A Tour of Soil Types

Soils of the Mid-West Mollisol

Soils of the Everglades Spodosol

Soils of the North East and North West Spodosol

Soils of the Tropics Oxisol

Soils from Wetlands Histosol

Soils from Recent Landscapes Inceptisol

Soils Near Recent Volcanic Activity Andisols

Course Objectives To comprehend the physical, chemical, and biological processes functioning within soils To define factors influencing elemental (contaminant and nutrient) cycling within terrestrial ecosystems To obtain an appreciation for soils as dynamic, non- renewable natural resources To learn the appropriate use of the terms “soil” and “dirt”

Perceptions of Soil Agriculture Environment Science

Soil Development

? Soil Profile Development

The Beginning

n Soil Profile Development  contains characteristic layers called horizons Bedrock A E B C Bedrock soil development

Soil Forming Factors Time Parent Material Climate Biota Topography Time Parent Material Climate Biota Topography

What Defines a Soil? The difference between “Soil” and “Dirt”? “ dynamic natural bodies having properties derived from the combined effects of climate and biotic activities, as modified by topography, acting on parent material over periods of time”

Soil is a living entity that is continually undergoing development; dirt is stagnant remnants of organic and mineral matter Soil Ecosystem

SOIL COMPONENTS

Major Components. representative, medium-textured surface soil (by volume)

Major Components. representative, medium-textured surface soil (by volume)

Major Components. representative, medium-textured surface soil (by volume) * for optimum plant growth

Soil Organisms

Soil Minerals

Soil Chemistry

Soil Color Originates from the Molecular Framework

Unique and Important Properties of Soils

Fine, mixed, active, thermic Abruptic Durixeralfs Soil : Natures Filter and Storage Bank

Fertilizer H2OH2O Retention within Soils Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium... * Soils act as a storage bank for plant nutrients * retain water * filter contaminants

Cr H2OH2O Retention within Soils Cr

Consequences of Misuse

Transformation of Waterbodies

Acid Mine Drainage

Result of Acid Mine Drainage