WILKERSON ® C O R P O R A T I O N Training For Growth Into the 21st Century A Marketing Services Presentation ©1998 Wilkerson Corporation
Having trouble seeing your customer’s problem?
To Be Continued…………... To Be Continued…………... Basic Air Preparation A Look At: The Air System The Components The Mechanisms
You are what you breathe... …or,Life at the Compressor Inlet Acme Compressor Each Cubic Foot of Atmospheric Air Contains.... Dirt Water Vapors Intake Filter m ACME CORPORATION NO WHERE, USA
Atmospheric Contamination Compressor Intake Acme Compressor Each Cubic Foot of Atmospheric Air Contains.... 4,000,000 solid particles 5 ppm / wt. various vapors Intake Filter m ACME CORPORATION NO WHERE, USA
A Closer Look at the Discharge x One Cubic Foot Ambient Air 7.8 = Compression 100 psig Look at all those molecules !!! 1,2,3,4,5.…yadda yadda yadda... Randy The Problem is Magnified!
A Closer Look at Discharge Contamination One Cubic Foot Compressed Air 31,200,000 Solids x One Cubic Foot Ambient Air has UP TO 4,000,000 Solids 7.8 = Compression 100 psig Look at all those solids !!! 1,2,3,4,5....4,000,000 Randy The Problem is Magnified!
A Typical Compressed Air Supply System DryerCompressor Mainline Filtration Drains Point of Use FRL Aftercooler here (heat removal)
DryerCompressor Mainline Filtration Drains Point of Use FRL Aftercooler here (heat removal) A Typical Compressed Air Supply System (Heat removal) Minimum of turns and bends Clean, properly-sized piping Take drops off top of main header Be a plumber’s friend! Drains at all low points
Compressed Air Preparation: Temperature Conditioning Drying Filtering Regulating Lubricating (when appropriate)
WHY DO WE NEED TO PREPARE THE AIR ?
Compressed Air System Problems Sources of trouble: Oil Particulates - (Dirt,pipe scale, rust) Water Pressure Drop Heat
3 Sources of Compressed Air Contamination Atmospheric Contamination Compressor Contamination Piping Contamination
Compressor Contamination Discharge Air Compressor Carryover Oil (per year).5 47 Gallons 38,600,000 Solid Particles (intake air) & Compressor Wear Particles &
Discharge Contamination continued Oil, Oil Everywhere. Where’s it all coming from ?? Acme Compressor Acme Compressor Acme Compressor Acme Compressor Oilless Rotary Vane Flooded Screw Reciprocal 12 oz - 60 oz. 5.6 gal gal 3.8 gal - 47 gal 47 gal gal Bypass Oil Per Yr JEFFJEFF
Piping Contamination AIR OIL WATER PIPE SCALE PIPE RUST YUK!! BOB
Sources of Contamination Ambient Air –Dirt + Oil +Water Compressor –Wear Metals –Oil Carryover –Pressure Drop The Air System –Pipe Scale –Pressure Drop
The Ugly Truth Dirt - 4 Million particles/cubic ambient Oil - 5 ppm carryover = several gallons / year Water - RH, 100scfm system = 114 Gallons H 2 O / day Pressure Drop - Each 2 psid = about 1% BHP
The Problems Premature valve failure, sticky valves Swelling of O-Rings in valves and cylinders Loss of lubrication in pre-lubricated valves and cylinders Equipment failure and down time Problems to numerous to mention
The Problems Premature valve failure, sticky valves Swelling of O-Rings in valves and cylinders Loss of lubrication in pre-lubricated valves and cylinders Equipment failure and down time Problems to numerous to mention
How do we clean up this mess ? Properly design an air treatment system Properly install an air treatment system Properly maintain an air treatment system
The cost of p “The bitterness of poor performance and value lingers on long after the sweetness of low price is forgotten.” - Author Unknown The savings of a few dollars on component size can cost hundreds or even thousands in lost efficiency and wasted energy!
Compressed Air System Problems Sources of trouble: Oil Particulates - (Dirt,pipe scale, rust) Water Pressure Drop
Compressed Air Preparation: Temperature Conditioning Drying Filtering Regulating Lubricating (when appropriate)
Air-cooled aftercooler
Air-cooled aftercooler
Shell and tube heat exchanger Cool water in Hot air in Warm water out Separator Condensate out Water-cooled aftercooler and separator Cool air out
Shell and tube water-cooled heat exchanger
Compressed Air Preparation: Temperature Conditioning Drying Filtering Regulating Lubricating (when appropriate)
Compressed Air Drying Deliquescent Refrigerated Desiccant Membrane
Water Ingested by Compressor
Compressed Air Drying Deliquescent Refrigerated Desiccant Membrane
* Deliquescent Dryer Salt tablets
Compressed Air Drying Deliquescent Refrigerated Desiccant Membrane
Refrigerated air dryer
Refrigerated Air Dryer
Large capacity refrigerated air dryer / chiller
Compressed Air Drying Deliquescent Refrigerated Desiccant Membrane
Heatless Regenerative Twin Tower Pressure Swing Cycle Desiccant Dryer
Heatless Regenerative Pressure Swing Dryer (Twin tower dryer)
Compressed Air Drying Deliquescent Refrigerated Desiccant Membrane
Membrane Dryers No moving parts No electricity No CFC’s Simple to install and maintain
Nitrogen molecules Oxygen molecules Membrane N2N2 O2O2 Water molecules H2OH2O Membrane pore size allows water to pass, but Nitrogen and Oxygen molecules bond in pairs and are too large to pass.
Membrane Dryer Cutaway (Not a true cross-sectional drawing) Bowl Purge orifice Membrane Module Purge air exhaust Body casting w/ cover In Out
Membrane Dryer with Coalescing Filter
Compressed Air Preparation: Temperature Conditioning Drying Filtering Regulating Lubricating (when appropriate)
Filtration Locations Acme Compressor Compressor RoomPoint - of - Use Acme M a T c o h o i l n e
Particulate filters TWO-STAGE ACTION SEPARATION FILTRATION Courtesy of Wilkerson
Filtration is outside-to- inside on particulate elements 5-micron element Quiet Zone Baffle Courtesy of Wilkerson
Oil Carryover Used compressor oil is a POOR lubricant! It is a sticky, gummy mess!
Coalescing Filters Flow path is inside to outside element DP indicator Anti-reentrainment foam sock Oil drips off bottom of element in wetted state Courtesy of Wilkerson
Compressed Air Preparation: Temperature Conditioning Drying Filtering Regulating Lubricating (when appropriate)
Regulators To Regulate Downstream Pressure 1. Main spring pushes up on diaphragm, opening Valve 2. As downstream pressure rises, air pushes on diaphragm on side opposite from spring 3. When air pressure equals spring force, diaphragm moves to neutral position, and spring under valve closes valve Courtesy of Wilkerson
Body Main Spring Panel nut Bonnet Adjusting stem assy. Knob Bottom Plug Valve spring Valve Diaphragm Courtesy of Wilkerson Regulators
If I had only known what a regulator does…..
Demand side control devices
Compressed Air Basics 100psig Atmospheric
Compressed Air Preparation: Temperature Conditioning Drying Filtering Regulating Lubricating (when appropriate)
Lubricator Operation Adjustable oil feed & sight dome combined Fill under pressure Filter in oil pick-up Manual drain to remove water Courtesy of Wilkerson
Proper Air Preparation is Your KEY to pneumatic system success!
Thank you for your time!
(spare slide section follows)
What’s been removed? >95% LIQUID WATER AND OIL GONE % SOLIDS GONE % SOLIDS REMAINING <5% REMAINS
40 can be seen with the human eye (A grain of table salt) What remains? Solid Contamination smaller than filter element rating Household Scouring Powder micron Bacteria
Coalescing Filter WILKERSON Liquids Collect Here Air travels from “inside to outside” through four stages: 1) support screens 2) pre-filter support layers 3) filter media 4) anti-reentrainment barrier
LIQUID WATER AND AEROSOLS GONE TO 0.01 ppm/wt. What’s been removed? % SOLIDS GONE ISO SPECS HERE
.01 Micron 1.0 Micron What Remains ?