Earth Boot Camp 4.7B: Observe and identify slow changes to Earth’s surface caused by weathering, erosion, and deposition from water, wind, and ice.

Release Items TAKS Study Guide, #24 1. A student placed some clean rocks in a clear plastic jar. The jar was filled with clean water and covered with a lid. Then the student shook the jar for five minutes. The student noted that smaller pieces had broken off some of the rocks and that there was a fine grit on the bottom of the jar. Which change of Earth’s surface was the student modeling? A Physical weathering B Chemical weathering C Erosion of sediments D Forming deltas

Release Items TAKS Study Guide, #24 1. A student placed some clean rocks in a clear plastic jar. The jar was filled with clean water and covered with a lid. Then the student shook the jar for five minutes. The student noted that smaller pieces had broken off some of the rocks and that there was a fine grit on the bottom of the jar. Which change of Earth’s surface was the student modeling? A Physical weathering B Chemical weathering C Erosion of sediments D Forming deltas

2003—#24 (55%) 2. Which experiment would best show how different methods of plowing fields on a hill affect erosion? A C B D

2003—#24 (55%) 2. Which experiment would best show how different methods of plowing fields on a hill affect erosion? A C B D

2003—#12 (49%) 3. The prairie is ideal for the growth of grasses because it has rich topsoil. All of these processes help form topsoil EXCEPT — F decay of trees G weathering of rocks H erosion of hills J movement of oceans

2003—#12 (49%) 3. The prairie is ideal for the growth of grasses because it has rich topsoil. All of these processes help form topsoil EXCEPT — F decay of trees G weathering of rocks H erosion of hills J movement of oceans

2006—#34 (85%) 4. Which of these can cause sharp, rough mountains to become rounded and smooth over time? A Wind and rain B The sun’s rays C Light and darkness D Earth’s magnetic field

2006—#34 (85%) 4. Which of these can cause sharp, rough mountains to become rounded and smooth over time? A Wind and rain B The sun’s rays C Light and darkness D Earth’s magnetic field

2009—#23 (77%) 5. The Davis Mountains in West Texas used to be taller than they are now. Which of the following conditions most likely caused the mountains to become shorter over time? A Heat and pressure B Soil deposition C Rain and wind D River formation

2009—#23 (77%) 5. The Davis Mountains in West Texas used to be taller than they are now. Which of the following conditions most likely caused the mountains to become shorter over time? A Heat and pressure B Soil deposition C Rain and wind D River formation

6. Which of the following is an example of erosion. A 6. Which of the following is an example of erosion? A Wind blowing across a field and picking up dust and small rocks B Sediment falling to the bottom of a lake or ocean C The breaking up of rocks due to the effects of freezing water D The formation of stalactites in underground caves

6. Which of the following is an example of erosion. A 6. Which of the following is an example of erosion? A Wind blowing across a field and picking up dust and small rocks B Sediment falling to the bottom of a lake or ocean C The breaking up of rocks due to the effects of freezing water (weathering) D The formation of stalactites in underground caves

7. Which of the following is a constructive force that changes the surface of the Earth slowly over time? A Deposition B Earthquakes C Tidal waves D Weathering

7. Which of the following is a constructive force (build up) that changes the surface of the Earth slowly over time? A Deposition B Earthquakes C Tidal waves D Weathering

8. What two forces are the main agents of erosion. A   8. What two forces are the main agents of erosion? A Deposition and weathering B Gravity and evaporation C Precipitation and gravity D Moving wind and moving water

8. What two forces are the main agents of erosion. A   8. What two forces are the main agents of erosion? A Deposition and weathering B Gravity and evaporation C Precipitation and gravity D Moving wind and moving water

9. Which of the following would be an environmentally correct way to prevent soil erosion? A Cut down a large number of trees B Plow bare ground into straight rows C Plant grass on bare ground D Replace flower beds with a concrete sidewalk

9. Which of the following would be an environmentally correct way to prevent soil erosion? A Cut down a large number of trees B Plow bare ground into straight rows C Plant grass on bare ground D Replace flower beds with a concrete sidewalk

11. Which conclusion is best supported by the diagram. A 11. Which conclusion is best supported by the diagram? A Plants help prevent erosion. B Rain is the most common cause of weathering. C Hillsides support the most plant growth. D Bare soil slows flowing water.

11. Which conclusion is best supported by the diagram. A 11. Which conclusion is best supported by the diagram? A Plants help prevent erosion. B Rain is the most common cause of weathering. C Hillsides support the most plant growth. D Bare soil slows flowing water.

12. Water in the form of ice is responsible for which form of weathering listed below? A A glacier creating a valley B Rivers depositing sediments C Earthquakes creating mountains D Wind carving formations in rock

12. Water in the form of ice is responsible for which form of weathering listed below? A A glacier creating a valley B Rivers depositing sediments C Earthquakes creating mountains D Wind carving formations in rock

13. Sam poured water on a pile of dirt and observed that some dirt eroded from the pile. Which question could he test to learn more about erosion? A How long will the dirt stay wet? B What types of animals live in the dirt? C Will adding more water change the type of dirt? D Do different types of dirt wash away at different rates?

13. Sam poured water on a pile of dirt and observed that some dirt eroded from the pile. Which question could he test to learn more about erosion? A How long will the dirt stay wet? B What types of animals live in the dirt? C Will adding more water change the type of dirt? D Do different types of dirt wash away at different rates?

14. Tyrone put two stones in a plastic bottle of water and shook it 14. Tyrone put two stones in a plastic bottle of water and shook it. After he stopped shaking the bottle, he observed that small pieces of the stones were floating in the water. What is the best prediction he can make based on this observation? If shaking the bottle causes pieces of stones to break off— A then using cold water will break off more pieces. B then using hot water will make the stones change colors. C then shaking for a longer amount of time will break off more pieces. D then shaking for a shorter amount of time will make the rocks change colors.

14. Tyrone put two stones in a plastic bottle of water and shook it 14. Tyrone put two stones in a plastic bottle of water and shook it. After he stopped shaking the bottle, he observed that small pieces of the stones were floating in the water. What is the best prediction he can make based on this observation? If shaking the bottle causes pieces of stones to break off— A then using cold water will break off more pieces. B then using hot water will make the stones change colors. C then shaking for a longer amount of time will break off more pieces. D then shaking for a shorter amount of time will make the rocks change colors.

15. Walter wanted to find out if faster wind speeds increased the amount of wind erosion. Which instrument should he use to measure wind speed? A anemometer B barometer C rain gauge D thermometer

15. Walter wanted to find out if faster wind speeds increased the amount of wind erosion. Which instrument should he use to measure wind speed? A anemometer B barometer C rain gauge D thermometer

16. How does freezing water cause the weathering of rocks 16. How does freezing water cause the weathering of rocks? The freezing water— A keeps the rocks in place. B makes the rocks last longer C expands cracks and breaks rocks D causes rocks to fall in landslides

16. How does freezing water cause the weathering of rocks 16. How does freezing water cause the weathering of rocks? The freezing water— A keeps the rocks in place. B makes the rocks last longer C expands cracks and breaks rocks D causes rocks to fall in landslides

17. Which thing near this house will erode (wash away) the MOST during a heavy rain? A The soil under the grass B The gravel in the driveway C The pile of dirt on the hillside D The stepping stones around the flower bed

17. Which thing near this house will erode (wash away) the MOST during a heavy rain? A The soil under the grass B The gravel in the driveway C The pile of dirt on the hillside D The stepping stones around the flower bed

18. The change in the sea cliff pictured below was most likely caused by –      1900 2004   A deposition and erosion B precipitation and glaciers C weathering and erosion D evaporation and precipitation

18. The change in the sea cliff pictured below was most likely caused by –      1900 2004   A deposition and erosion B precipitation and glaciers C weathering and erosion D evaporation and precipitation

19. Study the diagram above showing an island before and after a hurricane. What most likely caused the changes to the island seen in the diagram? A The rainwater from the hurricane raised the level of the ocean. B The island sank deeper into the ocean during the hurricane. C Ocean waves caused by the hurricane eroded sand from the beaches. D Rivers on the island deposited new sand on the beach.

19. Study the diagram above showing an island before and after a hurricane. What most likely caused the changes to the island seen in the diagram? A The rainwater from the hurricane raised the level of the ocean. B The island sank deeper into the ocean during the hurricane. C Ocean waves caused by the hurricane eroded sand from the beaches. D Rivers on the island deposited new sand on the beach.