TM Registered as a Fungicide for Botrytis Control in Grapes Its main use is as an Adjuvant with other products to improve Disease and Pest Control in Grapes TM

Protector hml What is it? Protector hml is a pure potassium soap manufactured from fractions of vegetable oils – it is not and does not contain oil. Chemically it is a unique complex of fatty acids of potassium salts. No two soaps act in the same way, some may or may not be fungicidal, insecticidal, herbicidal or soluble. Fatty acids are naturally occurring in plants and animals. The fatty acids making up Protector hml are identical to those contained in wine. TM

Protector hml Compatible with ? Wettable Sulphur Copper – hydroxide and oxide Potassium bicarbonate Seaweed and some fish extracts (not fish oils) Several biologicals – note in most cases it is not cleared by other manufacturers. Commonly used with Captan and other chemicals - be aware of compatibility and alkaline hydrolysis.

Protector hml Not compatible with ? Many trace element supplements, such as calcium based products or products that contain nitrogen as a synergist/sticker. Many chemicals and/or the adjuvants or other additives contained in them. There is about to be more information on the website. Hort Research compatibility studies with sodium bicarbonate. Precautions to apply:- Avoid compounds that are not compatible with alkaline materials or suffer from alkaline hydrolysis. Undertake a ‘jar’ test to check for flocculation or scum. Do not leave any spray mix sit for long periods Always rinse out spray tanks after use.

Protector hml Modes of action as an adjuvant Protector spreads its companion product better than the companion product would under normal spray conditions. (Slide 6) Protector when wet, gathers spores together. (Slide 8) Protector, as a potassium soap, provides some degree of UV protection. (Numerous scientific articles on internet) Protector has its own fungicidal and fungistatic activity. Protector when it dries is not immediately soluble again as it goes through a ‘gel’ state. It requires more than a wet surface to move it off – acting as a sticker.

the spreading activity of Protector hml Example – Protector hml and Sulphur

the spreading activity maths of Protector hml Droplet spread areas from single droplet deposit tests (one 4 micro litre droplet per plate) Droplet diameter (mm) Protector Potassium bicarbona te Sulphur g/l Average diamete r Diameter Std dev Area/drop mm2 nil nil %nil X 4 micro litre droplets on each of 5 plates 30 sec to deposit 30 sec scan intervals out to 2.5 min from last deposit

Protector hml – an anionic surfactant microscopic surface photo - the gathering of spores (dyed blue)

Another Potassium soap with free vegetable oil Microscopic surface photo – fungal spores (dyed blue)

Powdery Mildew Trials (PM1) Protector hml + Sulphur or Copper 2005/06 - Verdelho block (2.4ha) decimated with Powdery Mildew 2006/07 - Replicated Hand Sprayer Trial – 15 Treatments, remainder of block DMIs and S 2007/08 - Machine Sprayed Trial – 6 treatments 2008/09 – Confirming with full vineyard trials in Hawkes Bay and Gisborne

Hand Sprayed Trial 2006/07 (PM2) Summary of Treatments Untreated Protector hml alone Standard – Systhane (2) + S Sulphur alone Standard – Impulse (2) +Systhane + S Protector hml 0.5% + S (4/3/2 kg / ha) Standard – Systhane + Twist + S Protector hml 2% + Cu (120/90/60/30 ml / 100 l) Protector hml + Cu and S – alternating (2 rates)

Hand Sprayed Trial 2006/07 (PM3) Results % Total Infected Bunches Untreated36.7 Standard – Systhane (2) + S 0 Standard – Impulse (2) +Systhane + S 0.6 Standard – Systhane + Twist + S 0 Protector hml alone 3.6 Sulphur alone 3.0 Protector hml 0.5% + S (4/3/2 kg) 0.4 / 1 / 0.2 Protector hml 2% + Cu (120/90/60/30ml) 0.1 / 0 / 0 / 0.4 Protector hml + Cu and S – alternating (2 rates) 0.1 / 0.3

Machine Sprayed Trial 2007/08 Protector hml and Sulphur - Dates, Rates and Intervals (PM4) Powdery Mildew Field trial, Hawke’s Bay Date of Application Low Water RateHigh Water RateSpray Interval (days) 26 Oct l/ha200 l/ha 13 Nov l/ha300 l/ha18 23 Nov l/ha400 l/ha10 11 Dec l/ha600 l/ha18 3 Jan l/ha600 l/ha23

Machine Sprayed Trial 2007/08 (PM5) Results Treatments Number of bunches infected with powdery mildew Sample size = 400 bunches Assessment dates 27/12/078/1/0823/1/08 Low water with 0.5% Protector hml 2 kg/ha S018 3 kg/ha S000 4 kg/ha S001 High water with 0.5% Protector hml 1.5 kg/ha S001 2 kg/ha S000 3 kg/ha S000

Protector hml and Copper Powdery Mildew Trials –Hort Research Studies (PM 6) Untreated Protector and Copper (Protector was 2%- botrytis studies) Standard Treatments

Erinose Mite Control (PM7) Erinose mite was studied on the side of our powdery mildew studies. Best control was achieved by an application of 7% lime sulphur to ‘run off’ on trunks and cordons at ‘woolly bud stage’ – between the growth stages of photographs, left and centre. In Hawkes Bay, only once was required and no follow up was required the following season – in both trial and commercial settings. All treatments following ‘woolly bud’ suppressed rather than eradicated. Erinose Mite control improves with increased Sulphur Rate Water Rate and the inclusion of Protector hml

Summary of Protector hml efficacy against botrytis (7 years) A comparison of Protector hml and standard Botrytis programmes assessed at vintage. Values are the percentage of crop infected with Botrytis. * data from seasons has not been statistically analysed ** full field rate applied at l/ha (high volume) Figures in parenthesis are the number of applications.

Late season efficacy of Protector hml against Botrytis Four applications of ProtectorTM (2%) were applied post veraison to vines at the Lawn Rd Research Centre, Hawkes Bay in the growing season to determine if late season only applications reduced Botrytis bunch rot at harvest. Key finding · ProtectorTM was at least as effective as Captan and demonstrated late season efficacy against Botrytis fruit infection.

Monowai Chardonnay Handspray after veraison HML 32 and others – Summary Fruit Composition

Monowai Chardonnay Handspray after veraison HML 32 and others – brix and yield comparisons