CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND

THE ENGLISH EXCEPTION  Successful centralization without absolutism  Strong, centralized government  Parliamentary, aristocratic control  Resolution of religious & political conflict through bloody civil war

CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND 17 TH CENTURY TURMOIL  James I (r )  Royal absolutist  Increasingly at odds with Parliament

CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND 17 TH CENTURY TURMOIL  Charles I (r )  Increasing demands for money to pay for wars  Increasing antagonism with Parliament

CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND 17 TH CENTURY TURMOIL  Parliament’s increasing concerns  Many Puritan members  Resisted increasing authority of monarch  Resisted increasing taxation

CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND 17 TH CENTURY TURMOIL  Charles I (r )  Ruled without Parliament for 11 years  Imposed illegal taxes

CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND 17 TH CENTURY TURMOIL  Scottish Rebellion  Charles needs money from Parliament  Forced into major concessions abolition of Star Chamber & High Commission

CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND 17 TH CENTURY TURMOIL  Civil War  King’s forces v. “Roundheads”  Roundheads led by Oliver Cromwell ( )  Cromwell’s forces defeated king’s, 1645

CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND 17 TH CENTURY TURMOIL  King rallied in 1647, but defeated again in 1648  Cromwell pressed for execution of Charles I  Drove opposition out of Parliament  Executed Charles I, 1649

CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND 17 TH CENTURY TURMOIL  Cromwell’s Republic  Problems in Ireland & Scotland  Opposition in England  Dissolved Parliament, 1653 & declared himself Lord Protector Cromwell subduing Irish revolt, 1649  Died in 1658, son becomes Lord Protector

CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND THE RESTORATION  Charles II (r )  Restored monarchy, Parliament, Anglican Church  Parliament passed far- reaching legislation  Sympathy for Catholics raised suspicions Test Act

CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND CONTINUED TROUBLES  James II (r )  Whigs: opposed king  Tories: supported king  James soon antagonized both groups

CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND THE “ GLORIOUS REVOLUTION ”  Invite William of Orange & Mary to rule, on certain conditions  Bill of Rights  Toleration Act – 1698  United opposition to James II  Act of Settlement  Established rule of aristocracy WILLIAM & MARY (r )