An Introduction to Richard III and the Wars of the Roses University of Leicester

Edward III Edward, The Black Prince Lionel, Duke of Clarence Edmund, Duke of York John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster Richard II Phillipa, Countess of Ulster Roger, Earl of March Edmund, Earl of March Anne Mortimer Henry IV Henry V Henry VI Margaret of Anjou Richard, Earl of Cambridge Prince Edward Anne Neville Richard, Duke of York Cecily Neville Edward IV Queen Elizabeth (Woodville) Edmund, Earl of Rutland George, Duke of Clarence Richard III (Duke of Gloucester) Edward V Richard, Duke of York Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales Elizabeth of York Henry VII (Tudor)

Who was Richard III? Richard Plantagenet ( ), Duke of York m. Cecily Neville ( ) Edward IV ( ) Anne of York ( ) Edmund ( )) Elizabeth ( ) Margaret ( )) George ( ) Richard III ( )

Places where Richard grew up Fotheringhay Castle in Northamptonshire and Ludlow Castle with his family. As a hostage in the house of the Duchess of Buckingham when he was 7 years old. In Fastolf Place in London, opposite the Tower of London when he was 8 years old.

The Low Countries when he was 8 years old for a year with his brother George. At court with his brother, King Edward IV, between the ages of 9 and 13. Middleham Castle in Yorkshire to learn how to be a knight when he was 13 years old.

Titles and Duties At the age of 9 in Duke of Gloucester At the age of 10 in 1462 – Constable of Gloucester and Corfe Castles Governor of the North

When he was 17 in 1469 – Constable of England Chief Justice of North Wales Chief Steward and Chamberlain of Wales

When he was 19 in Great Chamberlain and Lord High Admiral of England High Sherif of Cumberland Lieutenant of the North and Commander-in Chief against the Scots Warden of the West Marches

Richard’s battles in the Wars of the Roses 1471The Battle of Barnet 1471 The Battle of Tewkesbury

Times of Peace Council of the North 1472 War with Scotland 1480 Recapture of Berwick-on-Tweed 1482

Lord Protector of England 1483 Edward IV died on 9 th April His eldest son, Edward, was 12 years old. He would become King Edward V. Edward IV named Richard, Lord Protector of England to look after the country until Edward V was old enough to rule himself.

What happened next… Richard went to London He put his nephews, Edward V and Richard in the Tower of London He had the marriage of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville declared invalid He declared himself rightful heir to the throne and became King Richard III

King of England The Court of Requests Bail The College of Arms Laws to be written in English and not French

1484 to 1485 In 1484, Richard III’s son Edward died. In 1485, Richard III’s wife, Anne died. Henry Tudor decided to invade England.

The Battle of Bosworth 22 nd August 1485 Henry Tudor brought his army from France and Wales. Richard and his army met him at Bosworth Field, but some of Richard’s army did not get into the battle. Richard lost the battle and Henry Tudor was declared king.