AGENDA 9/9/13 1.Collect Test Repairs- on black rolling cart A.Answer sheets on top of corrections in one pile B.Copies of Test in another pile 2.Vocabulary section 1 (pg 63) 3.Short Ppt 4.Vocabulary builder

CHAPTER 3 NILE CIVILIZATIONS

GEOGRAPHY OF EGYPT Nile – predictable flooding left rich black silt Delta – area at mouth of river Natural Defenses Sahara desert – prevented people from invading Cataracts – rocky patches of Nile river

DRAW THIS GRAPHIC ORG – RECORD ANY KEY EVENTS Old Kingdom 1.Pyramids 2.Government 3.Decline - Middle Kingdom 1.Leadership 2.Trade 3.Military – 4.Decline New Kingdom 1.Trade 2. Religion – 3. Decline -

OLD KINGDOM Pyramids- tombs for Egyptian rulers Gov’t – 1. Theocracy 2. Pharaoh - word was “law”; God 3. Bureaucracy – highly structured org w/ officials -vizier, census, irrigation specialists, etc

MIDDLE KINGDOM 1. Strong leadership Prosperous – mainly because of trade (however unsafe) Decline – fell after Hyksos invasion of 1650 BCE

NEW KINGDOM Hyksos rule Powerful military Increased land to create “buffer” Hatshepsut – only woman pharaoh Increased trade Monotheistic – Aten – “sun god” Declined – foreign invasions

BELL RINGER 9/11 Why is the Egyptian kingdom technically a theocracy?

RAMSES THE GREAT Ramses II - last of the great Egyptian pharaohs Ruled for 60 years Threatened by the Hittites Came to truce by marrying Hittite princess Built more monuments/temples than any other pharaoh No pharaoh admired more

EGYPTIAN RELIGION Obelisks – Egyptian temples Gods: Amon-Re – sun god Anubis – protector of the dead Osiris, Isis, Horus – Osiris new protector of dead Mummification – only kings and members of royal family could be for a time; later opened to everyone

DAILY LIFE By yourself: Read pages 76 “Daily Life” through “Art, Writing and Science” Make the categories: Social Structure Home and Family Life Women and Children Appearance and Customs Write down two to three key pieces of information that appears in this section. Do NOT write in complete sentences.

AGENDA Bell Ringer Who was the only Egyptian woman pharaoh? A. Cleopatra B. Medes C. Ramses D. Hatshepsut Take out your social structure, home/family life, women and children notes Go over Vocabulary Builder 1 and 2

SOCIAL STRUCTURE Pharaoh and Family Gov’t officials, priests, scribes, military leaders, dr’s, landowners Artisans, craftspeople, merchants Peasant farmers – 90%

HOME AND FAMILY LIFE Pharaohs married sisters often (usually polygamous) Commoners monogamous Father = head of house Tiny huts

WOMEN AND CHILDREN Egyptian women had more rights than most ancient civs Priestesses Create wills Divorce husbands Children – boys learned trades

APPEARANCE Shaved heads/wore wigs Linen and wool clothing Children = no clothes

LEISURELY ACTIVITIES Wrestling Javelin dancing Swam Fish Board games

KUSH NUBIAN KINGDOM

LANDS South of Egypt along Nile Farming difficult (rocky mtns) Gold, granite, precious stones Good trade Upper Nubia and Lower Nubia

KUSHITE KINGDOM Conquered by Egyptians (MK) Adopted elements of Egyptian Culture 1700 BCE  1550 BCE  1100 BCE  750 BCE Alliance w/ Hysksos Egypt conquered Kush free but weak Piankhi – Kush leader

PIANKHI 750 BCE attacked and conquered Memphis Controlled all Egypt – united Egypt/Kush Became pharaoh (25 th dynasty) 2 periods 1. Napata – 1 st capital 2. Meroe – 2 nd capital

KUSHITE CULTURE Guardians of Egyptian tradition - odd??? Mummies in pyramids Hieroglyphics Smelting – heating iron ore to create iron.

AGENDA 9/16 Complete these as one assignment : Pg 88 Review Key Terms and People (`1-11) Pg 70 – 1a, 2abc, 4a Pg 79 – 1b, 2b, 3a, 4a Pg 85 – 1a, 1c, 2ab, 3ab You don’t need to write out the questions

Bell Ringer – “What was the Kushite kingdom good for? What couldn’t they do?”

TEST TODAY 1. assignments: Vocabulary Vocabulary Builders 1-2 Chapter Reviews 1-3 Key terms and people 1-11 Make sure your name is on all assignments Create FOUR piles on the black rolling cart Pick up Chapter 4 Assignment sheet on my desk 2. Clear your desk 3. Do not write on the test, just the answer sheet 4. When you’re done with your test, begin on your vocabulary for the chapter (cornell style)

DECLINE 670 BCE Assyrians attacked Why might the Assyrians be better equipped for battle?