Chapter Outline Chapter 2: Ancient China: Origins to Empire ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. Brummett et al, Civilization, Past & Present I. The Origins of China, 6500 B.C.E.–221 B.C.E. II. The Qin and Han Empires, 221 B.C. E.–220, B.C.E.

Brummett et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 2: Ancient China: Origins to Empire ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. I. The Origins of China, 6500 B.C.E.–221 B.C.E. A. Neolithic Age, c. 6500–c B.C.E. Homo erectus, Homo sapiens Huanghe River Yangzi River Yangshao (5000–3000 B.C.E.) oracle bones Sages: Fu Xi Shen Nong Huang Di Five Sovereigns: Huang Di Yao Shun Xia Dynasty Yu

Brummett et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 2: Ancient China: Origins to Empire ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. I.The Origins of China, 6500 B.C.E.–221 B.C.E. B. Bronze Age: The Shang Dynasty (c. 1600–c B.C.E.) Capitals: Zhengzhou Anyang Culture taotie pictographs Rule oracles Di, supreme diety Magic yin and yang

Brummett et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 2: Ancient China: Origins to Empire ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. I. The Origins of China, 6500 B.C.E.–221 B.C.E. C. The Zhou Dynasty (1027?–221 B.C.E.) Book of Documents idea of “heavenly mandate” king as “son of heaven” King Wen — founder his brother, Duke of Zhou, regent for: King Wu son of Wen moves capital to Luoyang by 8 th century B.C.E., weakness > 771 B.C.E., overthrown dynasty survives at Louyang to 250 B.C.E. [ B.C.E. — “Western Zhou” B.C.E. — “Eastern Zhou”] from 335 B.C.E. — wang, rival kings Warring States (402–221 B.C.E.) Qin ruler establishes empire by 221 B.C.E.

Brummett et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 2: Ancient China: Origins to Empire ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. I. The Origins of China, 6500 B.C.E.–221 B.C.E. C. The Zhou Dynasty (1027?–221 B.C.E.) Zhou Economy and Society Technology iron plow, better irrigation, fertilization canals Religion ancestor worship The Book of Songs (1000–600 B.C.E.) Lady Hao, wife of King Wu (c B.C.E.) Clever men build cities, Clever women topple them… Disorder does not come down from heaven, It is produced by women. from The Book of Songs

Brummett et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 2: Ancient China: Origins to Empire ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. I. The Creation of China, 7000 B.C.E.–1027 B.C.E. C. The Zhou Dynasty (1027?–221 B.C.E.) The Philosophical Schools Confucianism Kong Fuzi (c. 551–479 B.C.E.) Analects — selected sayings jinzi - gentleman li — correct behavior Dao = the way, “moral personality” stressed ethical values Mozi (c. 490–391 B.C.E.) universal love, less emphasis on family “The way (Dao) of learning to be great consists in shining with the illustrious power of moral personality, in making a new people, in abiding in the highest goodness” “Never do to others what you would not like them to do to you” “The noble man understands what is right; the inferior man understands what is profitable” from the writings of Confucius

Brummett et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 2: Ancient China: Origins to Empire ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. I. The Creation of China, 7000 B.C.E.–1027 B.C.E. C. The Zhou Dynasty (1027?–221 B.C.E.) The Philosophical Schools Mencius (Mengzi, c. 372–c. 289 B.C.E.) political philosophy land reform “well-field” system “removing the Mandate” Xunzi (c. 310–c. 220 B.C.E.) Legalism Lord Shang (d. 338 B.C.E.) follower, Han Feizi (d. 233 B.C.E.) Li Si (d. 208 B.C.E.) Qin minister Doaism Zuangzi (c. 369–c. 286 B.C.E.) Texts: Daodejing, Zhuangzi

Brummett et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 2: Ancient China: Origins to Empire ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. II. The Qin and Han Empires, 221 B.C.E.–220 C.E. A. The Qin Dynasty Lord Shang minister from 361 B.C.E. legalist King Zheng (247–210 B.C.E.) supported by Lu Buwei and Li Si conquest of Han, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Qi > 221 B.C.E. Unification title: Shi Huangdi = emperor program: weaken nobles re-structure society nobility replaced by 20 ranks single legal system influenced by Legalism unified currency

Brummett et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 2: Ancient China: Origins to Empire ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. II. The Qin and Han Empires B. The Han Dynasty Xiang Yu v. Liu Bang following death of Zheng Liu Bang victorious, 206 B.C.E. > Gaozu (202–195 B.C.E.) 1. Former Han (206 B.C.E.–8 C.E.) balance of wu (military power) and wen (ethical civilian rule) centralization use of Confucian scholars Emperor Wudi (141–87 B.C.E.) university for government officials > 30,000 students in Later Han Ever-Normal Granary Policy, by 51 B.C.E. to ensure supplies Expansion trade with West development of “Silk Roads”

Brummett et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 2: Ancient China: Origins to Empire ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. II. The Qin and Han Empires B. The Han Dynasty (cont’d) Decline Wang Mang — regent for minors takes over in 9 C.E. reforms unsuccessful 2. Later Han (23–220 C.E.) 184 C.E. — “Yellow Turbans” rebellion messianic: Taipingdao C. Han Scholarship, Art and Technology rediscovery of the Zhou period Sima Qian (c. 145–90 B.C.E.) The Historical Records (Shiji) Ban Gu (d. 92 C.E.) History of the Former Han Dong Zhongshu (c. 179–104 B.C.E.)

Brummett et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 2: Ancient China: Origins to Empire ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. II. The Qin and Han Empires B. The Han Dynasty (cont’d) Decline Wang Mang — regent for minors takes over in 9 C.E. reforms unsuccessful 2. Later Han (23–220 C.E.) 184 C.E. — “Yellow Turbans” rebellion messianic: Taipingdao C. Han Scholarship, Art and Technology rediscovery of the Zhou period Sima Qian (c. 145–90 B.C.E.) The Historical Records (Shiji) Ban Gu (d. 92 C.E.) History of the Former Han Dong Zhongshu (c. 179–104 B.C.E.)

Brummett et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 2: Ancient China: Origins to Empire ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. II. The Qin and Han Empires D. The Confucian Woman of the Han Liu Xiang, (79–8 B.C.E.) Biographies of Heroic Women Ban Zhao (45–116 C.E.), Lessons for Women E. Religious Daoism and Buddhism F. China and Foreign Trade silk for horses, woolens especially trade with Rome