Absolutisn in France Meredith Hughes, Grace Forester, Chloe Page, Breanne Lampert, Christine Wehby

The Sun King at Versailles  The royal court in Versailles greatly grew in size as nobles wanted to be closer to King Louis XIV and get his attention – Wanted to receive honor, pensions, and appointments in the Royal Army – Watched him eat, always being attended to, and faced him instead of the altar during mass  Louis thought he rules by divine right Thought that he was divinely chosen to rule France Identified himself as the “sun king” because he spread radiance on his land and subjects Campaign to celebrate his “gloire” (glory)  Louis XIV’s good manners put emphasis on polite speech and good manners disciplined the crude and violent nobles Louis XIV: King of France and the most powerful ruler in Europe during the second half of the 17 th century. Versailles: Louis XIV’s palace near Paris begun in the 1660s and housing the king after 1683.

40 Years of Warfare Dutch War – France’s invasion of the Netherlands aimed at braking Dutch control of international trade and shipping – Maggots Dominated European trade/shipping Louis invaded them in 1672 →William, Dutch stadholder (chief executive of Dutch Republic) broke the dikes (prevented water from flooding villages) in his low-lying country which caused it to flood – In the end of the war neither side could defeat the other →a peace was formed and signed in1679 The consequence of the war was that William was alienate, but he still was determined to defeat France – →eventually became king of England, William III – Jean-Baptiste Colbert Developed a strategy to increase France’s wealth – Merchantilism » State-initiated economicpolicy encouraging exports, discouraginf imports, and stimulating domestic industries → challenged Dutch economy Dutch War: France’s invasion of the Netherlands aimed at breaking Dutch control of international trade and shipping. Jean-Baptiste Colbert: Louis XIV’s financial minister who implemented French mercantilist policies. War of the League of Augsburg: First of Louis XIV’s two great wars fought against Austria, England, and the Dutch Republic. Saint-Domingue- sugar-producing French island colony in the Caribbean War of the Spanish Succession: , Louis XIV’s last great war, with France and Spain allied against the Austrians, Dutch, and English. Treaty of Utrecht: Treaty signed in 1713 between France and the states fighting France that ended the war of the Spanish Succession.

40 Years Continued In 1683 Louis refused to declare war on the Turks after they besieged Vienna. This agreed with France’s anti-Habsburg policy but scandalized many Europeans. In 1689 Louis went to war on the French Eastern Frontier against Austria and the Dutch. *The war of the League of Augsburg was fought against the Austrians, English, and the Dutch Republic. The war lasted until *Louis had the largest army in Europe In 1619 a crop failure during the Little Ice Age led to a famine where over a million people died. A political heir crisis in Spain after the death of Charles II led to the War of Spanish Succession where France and Spain fought against Austria, Dutch, and the England. *The war shattered Louis’s finances *The Treaty of Utrecht stated that France and Spain could not be a single state. Austrians received northern and southern Italy and the Spanish Netherlands.

A Unified French State Improvements Economy: Louis needed more money so he enforced the capitation which was supervised by the intendants. Royal Administration: Louis gave parliament less power Military: respect of royal troops, they were not unrly. Louis wanted France to be safe because when he was little he had to flee from France during the Fronde. Religious: revoked the Edict of Nantes- forcing Huguenots out of France if they didn’t become Catholic. They dispersed making trade difficult because of the loss of those involved in trade. Guerrilla war began when Protestant peasants fought against the royal army because they burned their houses. The Protestants in Europe now disliked Louis and saw him as a tyrant. Louis was in favor of the Four Gallican Articles but agreed with the Pope’s condemning of the Jansenists. The King and subjects joined together, helping to unify France. Louis gave advice from his failures to his great-grandson Louis XV. Fronde: Rebellion of the French nobles against Cardinal Mazarin and the Regent, Queen Anne, during Louis’ early years as king Four Gallican Articles: decrees of 1618 proclaiming church councils superior to the pope and denying Rome’s power to alter internal rules governing the French Church. Jansenists: Austere Catholic reformers who were accused of holding views about human sin similar to the Protestant John Calvin and were condemned by the Pope Louis XV: Louis XIV’s five year old great-grandson who became king on Louis XIV’s death

Louis XV After Louis died Louis XV comes to power at the age of five Abiding to his great-grandfather’s desire, Louis XV rules with absolutism in mind Expanding the state’s activity: Policing – Instead of public order kept by basic polices enforced with the army, Louis created professional police forces – 3,000 police officers spread among France’s population – Marks the beginning of a modern, professional police network Poor Relief by the State: – Increasingly, aiding poor children and the elderly in France became more essential – The needy were housed, clothed and fed in urban hospitals – This marks the beginning of a modern state sponsored welfare system but some say that it marked the segregation of the poor and the rest of society

GAME! sugar-producing French island colony in the Caribbean? – Saint-Domingue First of Louis XIV’s two great wars fought against Austria, England, and the Dutch Republic? – War of the League of Augsburg decrees of 1618 proclaiming church councils superior to the pope and denying Rome’s power to alter internal rules governing the French Church? – Four Gallican Articles Austere Catholic reformers who were accused of holding views about human sin similar to the Protestant John Calvin and were condemned by the Pope? – Jansenists Louis XIV’s five year old great-grandson who became king on Louis XIV’s death? – Louis XV , Louis XIV’s last great war, with France and Spain allied against the Austrians, Dutch, and English? – War of the Spanish Succession

France’s invasion of the Netherlands aimed at breaking Dutch control of international trade and shipping? – Dutch War Louis XIV’s financial minister who implemented French mercantilist policies? – Jean-Baptiste Colbert Treaty signed in 1713 between France and the states fighting France that ended the war of the Spanish Successio? – Treaty of Utrecht King of France and the most powerful ruler in Europe during the second half of the 17th century? – Louis XIV Louis XIV’s palace near Paris begun in the 1660s and housing the king after 1683? – Versailles Rebellion of the French nobles against Cardinal Mazarin and the Regent, Queen Anne, during Louis’ early years as king? – Fronde

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