Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE Influential Thinkers Buddha Mahavira Confucius Laozi ? Socrates Aristotle Plato & other Greeks New Religions/

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Presentation transcript:

Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE Influential Thinkers Buddha Mahavira Confucius Laozi ? Socrates Aristotle Plato & other Greeks New Religions/ Philosophical Systems Buddhism Confucianism Daoism Greek Philosophy

Zhou Dynasty & Confucianism I.Dynasties in Chinese History II.Zhou Dynasty III.Confucianism IDs: Mandate of Heaven, Duke of Zhou, Confucius (Kong-fu-zi), d. 479 BCE, Confucian reciprocity, filial piety

Argument Zhou Dynasty ideals and the philosophy of Confucianism initiated the political, social and familial ideology that dominated Chinese government and society until the early 20 th century.

I. Dynasties in Chinese History A. Unity of China under dynasty by 1100 BCE

B. Dynasties as Gov’ts & Periods in Chinese History Shang Dynasty ( BCE) Zhou Dynasty ( BCE) Qin Dynasty ( BCE) Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE) Sui Dynasty ( CE) Tang Dynasty ( CE) Song Dynasty ( ) Yuan Dynasty ( ) Ming ( ) Qing ( )

C. Shang Dynasty (ca BCE) Union of kings & priests (diviners) in state

Religious ideas Ancestor worship Di (High God, founding ancestor of Shang family) Divination by oracle bones

II. Zhou Dynasty (1027 – 256 BCE) A. Composition of 4 of 5 Chinese Classical Texts

B. Governing Ideals 1. Mandate of Heaven Di = Heaven King Wen King Wu

Mandate of Heaven & the Dynastic Cycle

2. Virtuous Rulers and Ministers as Models King Wu Duke of Zhou Regent

3. Values Family Social order Strong son preference

4. Warring States Period* ( BCE) Breakdown of unity Lots of small states War & anarchy (*actually it’s divided into Eastern Zhou Dynasty period, Spring and Autumn Period, and Warring States Period)

Hundred Masters or Hundred Schools of Thought Confucius (Confucianism) Laozi (Daoism)

III. Confucianism Confucius (Kong-fu-zi), BCE The Analects

A. Ideology of Confucianism 1.Hierarchy in Human Relationships leads to social order

a. Hierarchical Pairs 1.father-son 2.ruler-minister 3.husband-wife 4.friend-friend 5.older brother-younger brother

b. Reciprocity treat those above with respect treat those below with benevolence

2. Achieving Proper Behavior Rectification of Names

b. Filial piety

c. ritual Ancestors “Heaven”

B. Impact of Confucianism 1.A philosophy rather than a religion 2.Subordination of Individual to Family

3. Reshaping of Elites as Gentlemen Officials Gov’t service: highest status Emphasis on education Training in virtue

4. Virtue & Reciprocity in Gov’t. Do not seek profit Support agriculture Protect common people

Argument Zhou Dynasty ideals and the philosophy of Confucianism initiated the political, social and familial ideology that dominated Chinese government and society until the early 20 th century.