Take out a sheet of paper and write your name on it. We have a pop quiz over the reading. Western Literature January 12, 2015 Oedipus the King and Research Strategies

POP QUIZ OVER THE INTRODUCTION Write the number of the question and your answer. 1. Sigmund Freud discusses what the play reveals about human nature; he calls it the “Oedipus Complex.” What is the Oedipus complex? [It was the weird idea discussed in the Introduction] (3 points) 2. Oedipus is the tragic hero of the play. Who is the villain? (3 points) 3. Are there supernatural events in the play? (3 points) 4. Why should you do your reading outside of class? (1 point)

Research Strategy #1: Keywords Basic Keyword Searches When a basic keyword search is performed, the system locates words and phrases throughout the bibliographic record, which is the information about a book or other item that is listed in a library catalog or database. 0 TIP #1 - Parentheses To search by keyword, enter one or more search terms. Try enclosing phrases with quotation marks in order to search for the whole word together. 0 "media influence" 0 "body image" 0 "united states”

Research Strategies 0 TIP #2 – Asterisk A search word or keyword can be truncated or shortened, to retrieve singular, plural and variant spellings. Use the symbol * at the end of the keyword fragment. Be careful of truncating too far. 0 EXAMPLE: To search for variations of the word advertise (advertisements, advertising etc.) 0 advert* (will retrieve too many unrelated results) 0 advertis* (retrieves advertisers, advertise, advertising, advertisement, advertisements)

Boolean Operators Boolean operators help to narrow or broaden your search. The most useful logical connectors are AND, OR, NOT. 0 AND finds records containing both terms. This narrows the search. For example: 0 “media influence" AND "body image" 0 female AND advertis* 0 OR finds records containing either one or both terms. This broadens the search. It can also be used to account for variant spellings. For example: 0 image or identity 0 "United States" OR America 0 NOT finds records containing the first term, but not the second term. This narrows the search. For example: 0 adolescents NOT male 0 advertisements NOT commercials 0 You can use more than one logical connector in the same search statement. 0 "media influence" AND adolescents NOT male

Research Strategies 0 When to Use Parenthesis 0 Use parenthesis when your search includes synonyms or to prioritize searches. (The search inside the parentheses is executed first) 0 (image or identity) and "media influence” 0 Report out experiences using the EBSCO database, Academic Search Premier, to research your topics from the weekend.

Oedipus the King Anticipation Guide 0 This handout for Oedipus the King will help you organize the characters and keep track of your beliefs on important universal statements that the play explores. 0 Today, you are going to write AGREE or DISAGREE for each statement and move to the side of the room to denote your choice. THIS IS A SILENT ACTIVITY. 0 YOU MAY NOT WRITE “MAYBE.” No Switzerland here, folks.

Oedipus the King by Sophocles & Research Articles Western Literature January 14, 2015 WARM-UP Complete the Research Pre-Assessment. This pre-assessment is worth 10 points.

Role and Purpose of Empirical Research 0 To provide answers to questions about behavior by using the scientific method. 0 Descriptive (to “describe’) 0 Correlational (to “predict”) 0 Causal-(to “control, explain causation”) 0 Experimental 0 Comparative

Process of Empirical Research 0 Identify and define research problem and questions. 0 Formulate hypotheses on basis of theory, prior research and/or hunches. 0 Design research study to collect data bearing on questions. 0 Conduct the research. 0 Analyze the data (through statistical methods). 0 Interpret the data in light of the research questions.

Standard Format of Research Articles 0 Abstract 0 Introduction: Context, Research Problem, Review of Literature 0 Methods 0 Results 0 Discussion 0 References

Introduction 0 Background - the reasons the author(s) conducted the study; theoretical framework 0 Statement of Purpose - the goal of the research (the destination); the problem statement 0 Hypotheses - “educated guesses” about relationships or differences

Methodology 0 Participants (sample) - who the subjects are, how obtained/selected 0 Materials (equipment, apparatus, measuring instruments) - what was used, quality of measuring instruments 0 Procedures - how study was conducted; what subjects did or what was done to them

Results 0 Technical summary of the statistical analyses used: 0 In text 0 In tables 0 In figures

Discussion/Conclusions 0 Non-technical interpretation of results 0 Linking results to original purposes and hypotheses 0 Why the results turned out the way they did 0 Identifying the study’s limitations 0 Suggesting steps for further research

Taking Notes on the Sources How to Read Your Research Articles

Taking Notes on the Sources: Abstract 0 When looking for articles on your topic, first read the abstract, summary, or overview of the article. 0 Usually the abstract or overview will give you some idea whether the article will be useful to your essay.

Taking Notes on the Sources: Title, Intro, Conclusion 0 Look for and read the: 0 Title 0 Introduction 0 Conclusion 0 The title, introduction, and conclusion should provide you with the main ideas of the article. Article Used: Lowes, L. "Managing type 1 diabetes in childhood and adolescence." Nursing Standard (09 July 2008): 50. CINAHL Plus with Full Text. EBSCO. [Library name], [City], [State abbreviation]. 17 Sep

Taking Notes on the Sources: Topic Sentences 0 Reading the topic sentence of each paragraph can help you get the main idea of the paragraph. 0 Making note of topic sentences can be useful when retrieving information at a later date. Article Used: Lowes, L. "Managing type 1 diabetes in childhood and adolescence." Nursing Standard (09 July 2008): 50. CINAHL Plus with Full Text. EBSCO. [Library name], [City], [State abbreviation]. 17 Sep

Taking Notes on the Sources: Keeping track of your sources 0 Keep track of your sources as you find them. 0 One way is to write the citation information down on a note card. 0 Another way would be to keep track of the citations in a separate Word file. 0 You should record where you found your information so you can locate it easily later on.

Taking Notes on the Sources: Print and Underline  You should print the articles that look useful for your essay.  Take the opportunity to read the article and mark key passages that seem interesting or important.  You may find it helpful to take notes in the margins. Article Used: Lowes, L. "Managing type 1 diabetes in childhood and adolescence." Nursing Standard (09 July 2008): 50. CINAHL Plus with Full Text. EBSCO. [Library name], [City], [State abbreviation]. 17 Sep

Sophocles’ Theban Plays 0 Sophocles’ Theban Plays include: 1. Antigone 2. Oedipus Rex or Oedipus the King 3. Oedipus at Colonus 0 These plays are often anthologized together but they are not considered a trilogy. Each play should be considered a separate work though the characters appear in the various plays. 0 In fact, some of these plays were written as far as 40 years apart!

Oedipus’ Backstory 0 Sophocles’ audience would most likely already have known the events leading to the curse of Laius and his descendants that resulted in Oedipus’ tragic destiny. 0 Sophocles’ intent was clearly to illustrate the downfall of the great Oedipus and not chronicle the family saga, so he does not share the backstory with us.

The Curse of Laius 0 Laius was the son of Labdacus, the King of Thebes. When Labdacus died, Laius was raised by his mother, who ruled Thebes as his regent. Two cousins (Amphion and Zethus) usurped the throne and plotted to kill young Laius, so he was smuggled out of Thebes and given to Pelops, King of Pisa, to raise. 0 Laius eventually became the tutor of Pelops’ favorite son, Chrysippus, whom he abducted and took back to Thebes. Amphion and Zethus having died, Laius claimed his throne and kept Chrysippus captive. Pelops raised an army to demand the return of his son, but it was discovered that Chrysippus was already dead.

The Curse of Laius 0 Because of his poor treatment of his host and his host’s son, Laius and his house were cursed. When he married Jocasta, he was warned not to have children by her because his son by Jocasta would one day kill him. 0 One night, while drunk, Laius imprudently disregarded the prophesy—some sources say Jocasta intentionally got Laius drunk—and a baby boy was conceived. Thus, at the root of that ill destiny is an act of Free Will that went against nature and angered the gods. 0 Therefore, the land was cursed and Laius had his son sent away to be killed.

How Oedipus Became King 0 Thebes was ravaged by a Sphinx. Anyone that could not answer its riddle was killed. 0 King Laius decided to seek the Oracle at Delphi to learn how to restore his land and on the way he was killed by thieves. 0 Oedipus came to Thebes around this time and answered the riddle correctly, destroying the Sphinx. Since Laius was dead and the land kingless, Oedipus became king. Can you answer the riddle correctly?

The Riddle of the Sphinx In Greek legend, the Sphinx devoured all travelers who could not answer the riddle it posed: "What is the creature that walks on four legs in the morning, two legs at noon and three in the evening?” The first person to answer it correctly earns an “Extra Day” pass.

Oedipus the King ACTORS 0 Read your line with enthusiasm. Do not break character. If you do not know a word, keep going. Maintain the fluency of the lines. 0 Remember to clip your name tag in a clear, visible place. 0 Use a different accent each time you accept a new roleAUDIENCE 0 Enjoy the show!