CE 330 Fall 2000 Fritz R. Fiedler Water Supply Systems Elements –sources: surface, groundwater –storage: surface water –transmission: source/storage to treatment –treatment: improve water quality –transmission/storage: intermediate storage/distribution systems –distribution: to individual users Uses –domestic –commercial/industrial –public –loss and waste –agriculture

CE 330 Fall 2000 Fritz R. Fiedler Water Supply Systems Factors affecting use: –population –industry/commerce –rates/metering –environmental concern and awareness –standard of living –climate Estimates of water use: first step in design! –start with typical use values –modify using local considerations –estimate future population

CE 330 Fall 2000 Fritz R. Fiedler Water Supply Systems Use Fluctuations –seasonal –daily/hourly –fire fighting considerations

CE 330 Fall 2000 Fritz R. Fiedler Water Supply Systems Water Storage: must consider low flow / drought conditions –groundwater: natural reservoir safe yield maximum sustained yield consider mass balance of aquifer system –surface reservoirs safe/firm yield Rippl method: cumulative mass curve detailed studies: seepage, evaporation, operating rules, sediment

CE 330 Fall 2000 Fritz R. Fiedler Water Supply Systems Types –gravity –pumped Pressure requirements –residential fire districts: ~60 psi –commercial fire districts: ~75+ psi –faucet pressure: ~5 psi 5 psi loss at meter, 20 psi loss in plumbing, plus elevation difference means ~35 psi is needed at residential connections

CE 330 Fall 2000 Fritz R. Fiedler Water Supply Systems Distribution system design considerations –detailed topographic and street maps (future…) –divide into districts –supply main system consider fire, future growth - usually modeled –distribution system –valves air relief at high points drains at low points gate valves throughout system (repair) pressure regulating –hydrants