Merrill’s Component Display Theory (II) Presentation Taxonomy

A Review of First Two Taxonomies: Performance taxonomy - Remember - Use - Find Subject-matter taxonomy (Content) - Fact - Concept - Procedure - Principle

Component Display Theory Find Cognitive Fact Concept Procedural Principle Use Remember Intellectual Verbal Find Concept Remember Concept Use Concept Find procedural Use Procedural Remember Procedural Remember Fact Remember principle Use Principle Find principle

The Third Taxonomy Presentation taxonomy - Primary presentation - Secondary presentation

Legend E-tell/expository G-generality I – question/inquisitory eg-example, instance c-context p-prerequisite mnemenic-mn r-alternative representation FB-feedback ca-correct answer h-help N – new example P-paraphrase

Component Display Theory Performance-PPF consistency Presentation Practice Performance Find Use Remember Generality Paraphrase Remember Generality Verbatim Remember Instance Paraphrase Remember Instance Verbatim EG’h, EG’p, EG’r, Eeg’h, Eeg’r EG’mn, Eeg’h EG, Eegs Ieg’r, FB’h FB’u Iegs.N, IG.N Iegs.N FB’ca.h Eg, EegIG.P EG’mn EGIG EegIegs.r EegIeg Eeg’rIeg’r, FB’ca.h FB’ca

Component Display Theory cont’d Content-PPF consistency Generality Instance Instance Generality Practice Fact Concept Procedure Principle Symbol – Symbol Symbol – Object Symbol - Event Definition: Name Superordinate class Attributes relationships Example: Name Object, event symbol Attributes present representation Classify: New object event, or symbol Attributes present representation State Definition: Name Paraphrase or verbatim ?(definition) Process: Goal ● branches Name Steps Order decisions Demonstration: Goal Name Materials Sequential execution representation Demonstration: Goal New materials Response representation State Steps: Goal Paraphrase or verbatim Response representation Proposition: Name Component concepts Causal relationships Explanation: Name Event, situation, or problem representation Explain: Name New problem Response representation State Relationship: Name Paraphrase or verbatim Response representation Symbol - ? Object - ? Event - ?

Learning Objectives Students will learn how pistons work in a four-cylinder engine. They will learn the concepts and procedures related to the work of pistons. They will examine the procedures of one piston and how it works with other piston (in this case, three other pistons) to generate power. Intake Air/fuel mixture Exhaust … Compression … Power …

Step 1: Identify knowledge components -Concepts -Procedures Step 2: Identify performance levels -Remember -Use

Primary presentation forms – Teach the general concept – Give an example Tell/Expository (E) Generality (G) Instance (eg) Rule or generality Example Instructional strategies for primary presentation: EG, Eeg

What are the issues associated with learning concepts and procedures? Concept - boundary overlap - lack of context - other? Procedure - steps/sequence - logical relationship between steps - other?

Boundary overlap – Classifications of concepts – Dimensions of the concepts Support strategies: -Memorization -Context -Pre-requisites Instructional strategies for secondary presentation: EG, EG’p, Eeg’c, EG’mn, EG’ca, EG’h, EG’r

Context EG’cEeg’c EG’mn EG’p EG’h EG’ca EGEeg Memorization Pre-requisites Help Feedback Learning the Concept

Concept of piston Correctly define the concept? Objective yes No 1 1 EG’p No Prerequisites? Concept dimensions Yes Definition EG Memoriza tion EG’mn Examples Eeg Define concept EG’ca EG’h …. Levels of answers and associated support 1.Correctly define the concept 2.Incomplete E.g., Sea gull is a bird (lives on fish) Support: EG’h, Eeg’c 3. Too broad E.g., Oxygen is critical to everything alive (doesn’t apply to plants) Support: EG’h, Eeg’c Memorize definition? Yes No EG’h EG’ca Legend E-expository G-generality eg-example h-help c-context p-prerequisite mnemenic-mn r-alternative representation ca-correct answer

CDT Content-PPF consistency Generality Instance Instance Generality Practice Practice Fact Concept Procedure Symbol e.g., p = piston Definition: Name Superordinate class Attributes relationships Example: representation Classify: representation State Definition: Paraphrase or verbatim Process: Steps Demonstration: representation Demonstration: representation State Steps: Paraphrase or verbatim representation Symbol e.g., p = piston Demo