Heat Engines Heat Engines. Heat Engine cycles. Carnot cycle. Refrigerators & Air conditioners. Heat Pumps. 2 nd Law considerations. Entropy.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Chapter 24 Thermodynamics

Advertisements

The Laws of Thermodynamics

APHY201 5/31/ The First Law of Thermodynamics A systems internal energy can be changed by doing work or by the addition/removal of heat: ΔU.

The study of heat energy through random systems

Chapter 4 Engines and Refrigerators. Heat Engine QhQh QcQc W Hot Reservoir, T h Cold Reservoir, T c Engine.

Heat Engines. The Heat Engine  A heat engine typically uses energy provided in the form of heat to do work and then exhausts the heat which cannot.

The Laws of Thermodynamics Chapter 12. Principles of Thermodynamics Energy is conserved FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS Examples: Engines (Internal -> Mechanical)

Laws of Thermodynamics The first law states that the change in the energy of a system is the amount of energy added to the system minus the energy spent.

PHYSICS 231 INTRODUCTORY PHYSICS I Lecture 19. First Law of Thermodynamics Work done by/on a gas Last Lecture.

Lecture 11. Real Heat Engines and refrigerators (Ch. 4) Stirling heat engine Internal combustion engine (Otto cycle) Diesel engine Steam engine (Rankine.

Refrigerators Physics 313 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 13.

The Laws of Thermodynamics

The Laws of Thermodynamics Chapter 12. Principles of Thermodynamics  Energy is conserved oFIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS oExamples: Engines (Internal ->

Nature’s Dissymetry Work – to – Heat 100% Efficient Heat Flows: High Temp – to – Low Temp.

Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 5 1 Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics Heat Engines and Refrigerators.

Chapter Thermodynamics

MHS Physics Department AP Unit II C 2 Laws of Thermodynamics Ref: Chapter 12.

Warm up!  What is the difference between Isothermal and Adiabatic?  Describe the difference using the relationship between Internal energy(  U), heat(Q),

Chapter 15. ThermodynamicsThermodynamics  The name we give to the study of processes in which energy is transferred as heat and as work  There are 4.

THERMODYNAMICS CH 15.

TcTc QhQh QcQc W ThTh. (a) - piston at room temp and atmospheric pressure P V a Heat Engine Example.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Q20.2 A. a  b B. b  c C. c  a D. two or more of A., B., and C. E. none.

ThermodynamicsThermodynamics. Mechanical Equivalent of Heat Heat produced by other forms of energy Heat produced by other forms of energy Internal Energy:

Dr.Salwa Al Saleh Lecture 9 Thermodynamic Systems Specific Heat Capacities Zeroth Law First Law.

C H A P T E R 15 Thermodynamics The Second Law of Thermodynamics Heat flows spontaneously from a substance at a higher temperature to a substance.

Chapter 15: Thermodynamics

VII. The second low of Thermodynamics

Q19. Second Law of Thermodynamics

Second Law of Thermodynamics.  No cyclic process that converts heat entirely into work is possible.  W can never be equal to Q.  Some energy must always.

Lecture Outline Chapter 12 College Physics, 7 th Edition Wilson / Buffa / Lou © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Thermodynamic cycles 2nd law of Thermodynamics Carnot Cycle Lecture 30: 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.

Thermodynamics How Energy Is Transferred As Heat and Work Animation Courtesy of Louis Moore.

Thermodynamics. System / environment Diathermal / adiabatic Walls between the system and surroundings are called diathermal if they permit energy flow.

Functions, Purpose, and Examples

Chapter 13: Thermodynamics

MME 2009 Metallurgical Thermodynamics

PHY1039 Properties of Matter Heat Engines, Thermodynamic Efficiency, and Carnot Cycles April 30 and May 3, 2012 Lectures 17 and 18.

First Law of Thermodynamics  The first law of thermodynamics is often called the Law of Conservation of Energy.

Engines. Second Law I  Real processes often make sense in only one direction in time.  The second law of thermodynamics states this: Heat flows naturally.

Heat Engine Example (22.5): A particular heat engine has a mechanical power output of 5.00 kW and an efficiency of 25.0%. The engine expels 8.00 x 10.

1 Second Law of Thermodynamics Engines and Refrigerators.

Mon. Apr. 20 – Physics Lecture #39 Heat Engines and the Second Law of Thermodynamics 1. Lab 32: It’s Getting Hot In Here – Heat Engine Demos 2. Energy,

Chapter 15 Thermodynamics Thermodynamic Systems and Their Surroundings Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that is built upon the fundamental.

Chapter 11 Thermodynamics Heat and Work and Internal Energy o Heat = Work and therefore can be converted back and forth o Work  heat if work.

Cycles  A series of processes which return a system to its initial state  Heat engine: receives heat; does work  Reversed cycle: cool or heat when work.

Physics 101: Lecture 26, Pg 1 Physics 101: Lecture 26 Thermodynamics II Final.

Thermodynamics II Thermodynamics II. THTH TCTC QHQH QCQC W HEAT ENGINE THTH TCTC QHQH QCQC W REFRIGERATOR system l system taken in closed cycle   U.

Lecture 26: Thermodynamics II l Heat Engines l Refrigerators l Entropy l 2 nd Law of Thermodynamics l Carnot Engines.

Second law of thermodynamics. The Second Law of Thermodynamics.

Insulators vs. Conductors Conductors transfer thermal energy rapidly (metals) Insulators reduce the transfer of thermal energy (wood, foam) Insulation.

Dr. Owen Clarkin School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering Summary of Energy Topics Chapter 1: Thermodynamics / Energy Introduction Chapter 2: Systems.

Heat Engines A gasoline engine is a form of a heat engine, e.g. a 4-stroke engine INTAKE stroke: the piston descends from the top to the bottom of the.

KIMIA LINGKUNGAN BAGIAN 2: TERMODINAMIKA. PREVIEW In this third part of the course we:  define and apply a number of thermodynamic ideas and concepts.

1 3E-03 Fire Syringe RAPID COMPRESSION IS ADIABATIC GIVING RAPID RISE OF AIR TEMPERATURE IN THE CHAMBER WHICH EXCEEDS THE IGNITION TEMPERATURE OF THE FLAMMABLE.

The Laws of Thermodynamics Enrolment No.: Noble Group of Institutions - Junagadh.

Dr. Owen Clarkin School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering Summary of Energy Topics Chapter 1: Thermodynamics / Energy Introduction Chapter 2: Systems.

Lecture 27Purdue University, Physics 2201 Lecture 27 Thermodynamics II Physics 220.

Engines—examples and efficiency

Real Heat Engines Stirling heat engine

Solar collectors for water heating

Entropy 1 m3 of N2 gas is in a sealed container at room temperature. The gas increases its volume by two processes 1) isothermal expansion and 2) adiabatic.

Introduction To Thermodynamics

The Laws of Thermodynamics

Second Law of Thermodynamics Engines and Refrigerators

Heat Engines Heat Engines. First Law and Heat Engines Carnot cycle.

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

AP Physics B, Thermodynamics The Laws of Thermodynamics

C H A P T E R 15 Thermodynamics

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Engines—examples and efficiency

Presentation transcript:

Heat Engines Heat Engines. Heat Engine cycles. Carnot cycle. Refrigerators & Air conditioners. Heat Pumps. 2 nd Law considerations. Entropy.

Heat engines Examples of Heat Engines – Steam engine – Coal plant – Nuclear plant – Automobile – Jet engine Each of these has – Hot source – Cold exhaust – Pathway from hot to cold that provides mechanical work Expanding piston steam engine, car engine Pressure difference across turbine blade

Heat Engines 1 Pathway from hot to cold that provides mechanical work – Expanding piston steam engine. – Pressure difference across turbine blade.

Heat Engines 2 Pathway from hot to cold that provides mechanical work – Expanding piston car engine. – Hot reservoir inside engine, cold reservoir tailpipe – “Internal combustion” engine.

Heat Engine Animations Otto Cycle (automobile) Otto Cycle (automobile)

Energy flow and efficiency

Efficiency Example

“Everything” problem – getting efficiency ΔUΔUWorkQ a -> b+6000 J+4000 J10000 J b -> c-4500 J0 J-4500 J c -> d-3000 J-2000 J-5000 J d -> a+1500 J0 J1500 J entire cycle0 J2000 J

Carnot cycle – most efficient cycle

Carnot cycle animation Note cycle bounded by upper and lower isotherms (red/blue) and left and right adiabats (green)

Carnot cycle examples

Refrigeration Basic Operation 1.Compress gas to high temperature/pressure 2.Cool and liquefy at high pressure (Q out) 3.Expand gas to low temperature/pressure 4.Warm and evaporate at low pressure (Q in) Thermodynamic cycle running backwards.

Forward and reverse Carnot cycle Forward Carnot cycle (heat engine) Q H in Work, Q L out Clockwise cycle Reverse Carnot cycle (refrigeration) Work, Q L in Q H out Counterclockwise cycle

Forward and reverse Carnot animation Forward animation (heat engine) educypedia.karadimov.info/library/AF_2202.swf Reverse animation (refrigeration) educypedia.karadimov.info/library/AF_2205.swf

Efficiency, Coefficient of Performance

Example 15-13

Heat Pump - Problem 32