Unit 02, Lesson 02 Classification of Matter CHEMISTRY Unit 02, Lesson 02 Classification of Matter

Fractional Distillation ENGAGE: Fractional distillation is used in oil refineries to separate crude oil into useful substances (or fractions), having different hydrocarbons of different boiling points. http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/video/g/video_tcm4671646.asp Images source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_distillation

Separation Stations EXPLORE Image sources - Decanting: http://gmuchem321.pbworks.com/w/page/6980337/Decantation,%20filter%20paper,%20and%20transfer Filtration: http://gmuchem321.pbworks.com/w/page/6980337/Decantation,%20filter%20paper,%20and%20transfer Sieving: http://soil.gsfc.nasa.gov/stepbystep4/ Evaporation: http://student.dcu.ie/~doughtl2/evaporation.htm Chromatography: http://student.dcu.ie/~doughtl2/chromatography.htm Magnetic: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet

Graphic Organizer Construction Construct a 3 tab graphic organizer “Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures” Materials: 1 sheet paper scissors pen colored pencils/crayons glue/tape Instructions: Fold paper lengthwise. Cut along the fold lines from the edge to the centerline. Color the headings ‘Elements’, ‘Compounds’, and ‘Mixtures’ different colors. Use this graphic organizer to list examples of each type of particle. Adhere graphic organizer in your science notebook. EXPLAIN

Property Used for Separation Filtration EXPLAIN: http://www.csudh.edu/oliver/demos/foldfilt/hhfldflt.htm Folding a piece of filter paper for insertion into a conical filter consists of a simple set of steps, shown here in the six photographs below. From left to right and top to bottom, one first folds the round piece of filter paper in half and creases it. Then, it is folded again and creased to produce a quarter circle. One outer layer of paper is separated from the other three (not two and two!), and the opening should be made wider by squeezing slightly together at the creases. The conical shaped piece of filter paper is placed into a glass or plastic funnel and wetted slightly with distilled water from a wash bottle. Separation Technique Property Used for Separation Example Filtration Solubility Separate sand from water

Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) Chromatogram of 10 essential oils colored with vanillin reagent. Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_layer_chromatography EXPLAIN: Chromatography is an important analysis tool used in industry and in medicine. Chromatography is used to detect, separate, or purify different substances. Using this process food, drugs, blood, soil, water, air, fuel, and petroleum, and radioactive-fission products are analyzed. In medicine, chromatography can determine the presence of drugs in a person's blood. In water and air quality analysis, chromatography is used to isolate pollutants. Chromatography of many kinds is widely used throughout the chemical industry. Environmental testing laboratories look for trace quantities of contaminants, such as PCBs in waste oil, and pesticides, such as DDT in groundwater. The Environmental Protection Agency uses chromatography to test drinking water and monitor air quality. Pharmaceutical companies use chromatography both to prepare large quantities of extremely pure materials and also to analyze the purified compounds for trace contaminants. Chromatography is used for quality control in the food industry, by separating and analyzing additives, vitamins, preservatives, proteins, and amino acids. It can also separate and detect contaminants such as aflatoxin, a cancer-causing chemical produced by a mold on peanuts. Chromatography can be used for purposes as varied as finding drug compounds in urine or other body fluids, to looking for traces of flammable chemicals in burned material from possible arson sites. Separation Technique Property Used for Separation Example Chromatography Size, Polarity, pH Separate component dyes of black ink

Property Used for Separation Sieving EXPLAIN Image source: http://tlc.howstuffworks.com/family/alaska-panning-for-gold-pictures.htm Separation Technique Property Used for Separation Example Sieving Particle Size Panning for gold (Au)

Property Used for Separation Magnetic Attraction EXPLAIN Image source: http://www.magnetsource.com/Solutions_Pages/sepmags.html Drop-in magnetic separator filters, designed for fluid tanks and reservoirs, pull fine particles out of fluids and hold them until the unit can be cleaned and dropped back in. Used in tanks or other containers having low to moderate flows. Separation Technique Property Used for Separation Example Magnetic Attraction Magnetism Separate ferrous from non-ferrous materials

Property Used for Separation Decantation EXPLAIN Separation Technique Property Used for Separation Example Decanting Density or Solubility Pour off water from sediment mixture

Property Used for Separation Evaporation EXPLAIN Separation Technique Property Used for Separation Example Evaporating Solubility and Boiling Point Driving off water leaving salt behind

TASK: For the scenarios provided, use the decision tree below, and your knowledge of matter, to classify the particles (element, compound, or mixture) described. EXPLAIN

An unknown, clear liquid is given to you in a beaker An unknown, clear liquid is given to you in a beaker. You transfer the liquid from the beaker to a clean, empty test-tube and begin to heat it. After a while, you see vapors (which on further analysis, you discover are vapors of water) rising from the test-tube, and pretty soon, all that's left are a few crystals of salt stuck to the edges! How would you classify the unknown liquid? MIXTURE EXPLAIN

You have won the world's biggest lottery, for which you are given a huge block of pure, metallic gold. How would you classify this substance? ELEMENT EXPLAIN

A dish is given to you, which contains a blackish-yellow powder A dish is given to you, which contains a blackish-yellow powder. When you move a magnet over it, you are amazed to see black particles (which you find out are iron) fly upwards and get stuck to the magnet. All that's left in the dish is a yellow powder, which you discover to be sulfur. How would you classify the initial blackish-yellow powder? MIXTURE EXPLAIN

A substance is analyzed in a laboratory, and when viewed under an electron microscope, it is revealed that it contains only one kind of atom. How would you classify the substance? ELEMENT EXPLAIN

This gas is essential for us, and all other aerobic organisms, to survive. We inhale it along with the air we breathe (of which it forms approximately 21%), and it then helps in the oxidation of glucose in our bodies. How would you classify the substance? ELEMENT EXPLAIN

Water is what all life in the world depends on. How would you classify water? COMPOUND EXPLAIN

A magnesium ribbon is burnt in the air to form the grayish oxide of magnesium - magnesium oxide (MgO). How would you classify this oxide? COMPOUND EXPLAIN

How would you classify the air we breathe? MIXTURE EXPLAIN

These are given 'symbols' like 'Ar', 'Zn', 'W‘, and 'Xe' and are arranged in a table called the periodic table. How would you classify these substances? ELEMENTS EXPLAIN

An unknown, silvery powder has a constant melting point and does not chemically or physically separate into other substances. How would you classify the unknown substance? ELEMENT EXPLAIN

Separating an Unknown Mixture Examine the mixture. Discuss, in your group, how you are going to separate the mixture. Think about the properties and techniques you will use and the order of the steps that you will follow. After you agree on a plan, write this plan in your science notebook. 3. Review the plan with your teacher before you begin to separate the mixture. 4. Using the techniques you have selected, separate the mixture. Make observations and record them in your ELABORATE

Separating Mixtures Were you successful in separating the components of the mixture? Describe your results. Was the order you used to separate the mixture important? Why?  What was the most challenging part about separating the mixture?  What properties did you use to separate the mixture? EVALUATE

Write a summary report that includes the steps used to successfully separate the unknown mixture into its components. Include a table that: classifies each component separated as a pure substance (element or compound) or mixture; identifies the property and technique used to separate the component from the mixture; and indicates whether the property used is intensive or extensive. EVALUATE