Drugs Used in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma Myeloma Canada National Conference 2011-September-24 Toronto, Ontario Carlo De Angelis, RPh, PharmD Clinical Pharmacy Coordinator - Oncology

Objectives At the end of this educational program, you will be able to: Recall common side effects associated with Multiple Myeloma treatment Apply the information discussed to help prevent or reduce the severity of side effects of Multiple Myeloma treatment

Improved Survival in Multiple Myeloma Kumar SK et al. Blood 2008

Advances in Multiple Myeloma Kyle RA and Rajkumar SV Blood 2008

Thalidomide - Adverse Effects Mateos MV Cancer Treat Rev 2010 Single agent Somnolence, asthenia, rash, peripheral edema, dizziness, constipation, dyspnea, leukopenia Peripheral neuropathy Cummulative and dose dependent Parasthesia, hyperaesthesia, numbness, coldness, pallor Symmetrical hands and feet Caution in patient with predisposition Early detection critical Discontinue at first sign of symptoms

Thalidomide - Adverse Effects Combination with dexamethasone Grade 3 (alone versus combination) Constipation - 68% versus 55% Fatigue - 39% versus 55% Thrombosis - 4% versus 15% Infection - 14% versus 13% Neuropathy - 3% versus 5% Rash - 0% versus 4% Overall Grade % versus 31%

Thalidomide - Dose Adjustment for Peripheral Neuropathy Mateos MV Cancer Treat Rev 2010 Grade 1 Maintain dose and monitor Grade 2 Reduce dose of thalidomide 50% Grade 3 or 4 Discontinue therapy Resume at 50% previous dose

Therapeutic Interventions for Peripheral Neuropathy Opioids Morphine, hydromorphone, oxycodone Gabapentin Pregabalin Duloxetine Tricyclic antidepressants

Thrombosis Mateos MV Cancer Treat Rev 2010 Single agent - 2% to 4% In combination - 10% to 35% Ususllay occurs within the first months of therapy Risk factors Previous history of VTE, obesity, presence of central venous catheter, high tumor burden, high dose dexamethsone Prevention ≥ 2 risk factors - anticoagulation LMWH or warfarin  1 risk factor - low dose aspirin

Lenalidomide - Adverse Effects Morgan GJ et al. Lancet Oncol 2006

Lenalidomide and Myelosupression Lenalidomide is primarily eliminated through the kidneys Thrombocytopenia increased when creatinine clearance was < 50 mL/min 14% versus 5% Starting Dosing Moderate renal impariment CrCl ≥ 30 to < 60 mL/min 10 mg daily CrCl < 30 mL/min not on dialysis 15 mg every 48 hours CrCl < 30 mL/min on dialysis 5 mg daily

Lenalidomide and Myelosupression

Bortezomib - Adverse Effects San Miguel J et al. Oncologist 2006

Bortezomib - Thrombocytopenia Transient; Not cumulative Greater risk if significant bone marrow involvement with MM If platelet count < 30,000/L on day 11 of cycle Repeat count on day 14/15 Transfuse if necessary Reduce dose 25% next cycle Caution in patients with platelet count < 50,000/L at start of Tx

Bortezomib - Peripheral Neuropathy Richardson PG et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2006 Symptoms are primarily sensory Feet affected more than hands Symptoms include: Pain Paresthesias or dyesthesias Abmornal touch sensations such as wetness, itchiness, creeping, crawling, numbness, tingling Burning Numbness

Bortezomib - Peripheral Neuropathy Richardson PG et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2006 SUMMIT and CREST trial data 35% patients all grades Grade %, Grade 4 - < 1% Symptom improvement or reversible 70% patients Median time to improvement = 47 days (range 1-529) Dose reductions in 12% patients Discontinuation 5% patients Preexisting peripheral neuropathy - 80% Patients with no pre-existing peripheral neuropathy - 3% developed Grade 3 In extension study 73% patients reported no worsening

Bortezomib - Peripheral Neuropathy Richardson PG et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2006 Dose reduction Grade 1 without pain or loss of function No action required Grade 1 + pain or Grade 2 - reduce dose 1.0 mg/m 2 Grade 2 + pain or Grade 3 - hold until resolved; resume at  dose 0.7 mg/m 2 – once weekly Grade 4 - Discontinue Tx

Bortezomib Adverse Effects Take Home Messages While common, side effects can be managed and are reversible Bruising or bleeding may be a sign of low platelets Contact your care team at the cancer centre Peripheral neuropathy Make sure you inform your care team of any symptoms

Shift in Treatment Paradigm Current Use medications at maximum tolerated doses Future? Use optimal effective dose Reduced intensity Improved side effect profile Prolong duration of therapy Improved Efficacy

Summary The availability of new active agents has revolutionized the treatment of Multiple Myeloma Standard first line therapy include use of drug combinations of immune modulating drugs (thalidomide, lenalidomide) and/or bortezomib Side effects prevention/ management and adherence to treatment are important factor contributing to success of treatment

Multiple Myeloma Word Cloud Rajkumar SV et al. Blood 2010