Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 1 Heavy-Flavor Production at RHIC Kai Schweda, University of Heidelberg / GSI Darmstadt.

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Presentation transcript:

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 1 Heavy-Flavor Production at RHIC Kai Schweda, University of Heidelberg / GSI Darmstadt

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 2 Outline 1)Introduction 2)Open charm production at RHIC 3)Heavy  quarkonia (J/ ,  ) 4)Summary

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 3 Quark Gluon Plasma Source: Michael Turner, National Geographic (1996) Quark Gluon Plasma: (a)Deconfined and (b)thermalized state of quarks and gluons  Study partonic EOS at RHIC and LHC Study effects of chiral symmetry restoration

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda Quark Masses 1)Higgs mass: electro-weak symmetry breaking. (current quark mass) 2)QCD mass: Chiral symmetry breaking. (constituent quark mass) éStrong interactions do not affect heavy-quark masses. éImportant tool for studying properties of the hot/dense medium at RHIC. éTest pQCD predictions at RHIC and LHC. Total quark mass (MeV) X. Zhu et al., hep-ph/ , PLB, in print.

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 5 Identify Heavy  Flavor at RHIC Phenix –Electrons EMC and RHIC, mid-rapidity –Muons Muon arms, forward rapidity STAR (all mid-rapidity) –D-mesons by inv. mass –Muons by TPC + ToF –Electrons TPC + ToF (p T <4 GeV/c) EMC + TPC (p T >1.5 GeV/c)  

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 6 Single  Electron Background Experimental background    e + + e - (small for Phenix)   0   + e + + e -  , etc. Phenix almost material free background largely reduced two different methods –Converter method –Cocktail method STAR large material budget precise background subtraction Phenix Inv. Mass (GeV/c 2 ) STAR

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 7 Heavy  Flavor from STAR Three different methods –D  mesons –Electrons –Muons Charm cross section is well constrained (large p T coverage) –95% of the total cross section –Direct measurement –D  mesons and muons constrain the low-p T region   Y. Zhang (STAR), Hard Probes 2006

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 8 Heavy  Flavor from PHENIX Many different datasets –Non-photonic electron spectra –Improving statistics over time –Lowering p T cut Reduces extrapolation uncertainties hep-ex/

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 9 Total Charm Production at RHIC(i) FONLL as baseline –Large uncertainties due to m c, factorization/renormalization scale Phenix –factor 2 higher, still consistent within errors –Only electrons but less background STAR –Large discrepancies between STAR and FONLL –more detector material – the only direct D-mesons measurement –95% of the total cross section is measured Energy dependence, CBM, RHIC(200,500) and LHC will help constraining parameters A. Suaide, nucl-ex/

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 10 Total Charm Production at RHIC (ii) STAR and PHENIX data suggest N bin scaling –Charm is produced by initial collisions –No room for thermal production of charm –Both experiments disagree by factor 2- 3! A. Suaide, nucl-ex/

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 11 Non-photonic Electron Spectra Factor 2 – 3 discrepancy Independent on p T Background strongly depends on p T ! Normalization Problem ? Displaced vertex will give precision data  STAR and PHENIX upgrades

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 12 J/  Production  suppression, compared to scaled p+p  regeneration, enhancement Low energy (SPS):few ccbar quarks in the system  suppression of J/  High energy (LHC): many ccbar pairs in the system  enhancement of J/   Signal of de-confinement + thermalization of light quarks ! (SPS) Plot: J. Stachel

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 13 PHENIX: PRL 96, (2006); Calcs: S. Klein and R. Vogt, PRL 91 (2003) mb 3 mb Low x 2 ~ (shadowing region) Cold Nuclear Matter Effects  EKS shadowing + nuclear absorption   abs < 3mb  CNM effects are small at mid-rapidity at RHIC  negligible at LHC

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 14 J/  Momentum vs Centrality  almost no centrality dependence  much different from SPS data (NA50)  No strong evidence for initial state scattering !

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 15 J/  Momentum Distribution Initial: flat Regeneration: dropping w/ centrality  Regeneration of J/  important at RHIC ! L. Yan. P. Zhuang and N.Xu, PRL 97 (2006)

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 16 Vector Spectral Functions Bound state disappears at T > 2.25 T C Recent results from Lattice (F. Karsch, HF workshop, Beijing):  C states disappear T  T C J/  and  C gone at T  3 T C Lattice artifacts ?

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 17 Schematical Picture Suppose J/  does not melt  R_AA should saturate > 0.6  no more feeding from  C and  ’  J/  + X

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 18 J/  Suppression (R_AA)  Supression is weakest at mid-rapidity  contradicts original Matsui/Satz picture  contradicts comover picture PHENIX data: nucl-ex/

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 19 J/  R_AA Rapidity Dependence  Sequential screening of  C and  ’  additional suppression from gluon saturation at forward rapidity  expect different centrality dependence  PHENIX data is flat !  sequential screening ruled out at RHIC ! PHENIX data: nucl-ex/

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 20 Statisitcal Hadronization of Charm Assumptions:  All charm-quarks produced in initial scattering  charm in thermal equilibrium (not chemical equilibrium)  All J/  produced at freeze-out  Include nuclear corona effects  Input: open charm yield  Probe deconfinement and thermalization *P. Braun-Munzinger, K. Redlich,and J. Stachel, nucl-th/

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 21 Comparison to Data(i)  Assume pQCD initial cross section  centrality and rapidity distribution well reproduced for PHENIX data  large uncertainty in experimental charm cross section A. Andonic et al., nucl-th/ ; nucl-th/

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 22 Comparison to Data (ii)  Use  large exp. uncertainties cancel  quantitative description of exp. data A. Andonic et al., nucl-th/

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 23 Predictions for LHC  large ccbar production at LHC  corona effects negligible  regeneration of J/  dominates  striking centrality dependence Signature for QGP formation !  Initial conditions at LHC ? A. Andonic et al., nucl-th/

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 24 STAR 2006 √s=200 GeV p+p  +  +  → e + e - cross section consistent with pQCD and world data preliminary  Production at RHIC P. Djawotho, nucl-ex/

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 25 STAR Detector Upgrade D 0  K +  c  = 123  m Measure decay vertex,   50  m enhance S/B by factor 100  precise heavy-flavor measurements ! Full Barrel MRPC - TOF Heavy Flavor Tracker

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 26 Measure Vector Mesons Detectors  TPC+TOF8 M2 M TPC+TOF+SVT+HFT200K100K   Dileptons: e.g.   e + e -  Huge Background:   e + e -  HFT discriminates background !  HFT enhances dilepton measurements in STAR   e + e - HFT e+e-e+e- 

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 27 Summary  At RHIC  CC = 300 – 1200  b  Regeneration of J/  important at RHIC  Regeneration will dominate at LHC  Clear QGP signature  Angular correlations of D-Dbar mesons  Sensitive to medium properties  Displaced vertex for precise measurements  STAR and PHENIX upgrades  ALICE: ITS + TPC + TRD + ToF

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 28 Early Model-predictions and RHIC Data P. Braun-Munzinger et al.  Yellow band: allowed range by open charm from STAR and PHENIX  Large uncertainty from open charm cross section !  Statistical Charm- Hadronization might not dominate at RHIC  Check at LHC…  Need precise open charm reference !

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 29

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 30

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 31 J/  at SPS and RHIC  Puzzle: No energy dependence  Accident ?

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 32 Corona Effect

Dilepton Forum, GSI, Feb 27, 2007 Kai Schweda 33 J/  from STAR and PHENIX