OUTLINE Engineering Properties of Rock Formations 1- Rock Material and Rock Mass Concept 2- Rock Material Properties 3- Rock Mass Properties 4- Investigation.

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Presentation transcript:

OUTLINE Engineering Properties of Rock Formations 1- Rock Material and Rock Mass Concept 2- Rock Material Properties 3- Rock Mass Properties 4- Investigation Methods of their Engineering Properties

INTACT ROCK & ROCK MASS

ROCK DISCONTINUITIES Definition A discontinuity in geotechnical engineering is a plane or surface that marks a change in physical or chemical characteristics in a soil or rock mass. A discontinuity can be, for example, a bedding, schistosity, foliation, joint, cleavage, fracture, fissure, crack or fault plane. Discontinuities may occur multiple times with broadly the same mechanical characteristics in a discontinuity set, or may be a single discontinuity. A discontinuity makes a soil or rock mass anisotropic

ROCK DISCONTINUITIES Properties

ROCK DISCONTINUITIES Properties ROUGHNESS in large scale wavy or straight ROUGHNESS in small scale rough or smooth INFILL material mineral infill or clay infill or no infill PERSISTENCE 1-3 meters or >10 meters APERTURE closed or no contact SPACING 1-5 cm or >1 meters WEATHERING conditions fresh or completely weathered

SHEAR STREGTH OF ROCK DISCONTINUITIES Engineering Properties of Rock Formations  = c +  tan 

INVESTIGATIONS Engineering Properties of Rock Formations DRILLING (Subsurface Investigations)

INVESTIGATIONS Engineering Properties of Rock Formations DRILLING RODS

INVESTIGATIONS Engineering Properties of Rock Formations BOREHOLE LOGS AND SAMPLE BOXES

Engineering Properties of Rock Formations RQD (Rock Quality Designation) AND CORE RECOVERY CONCEPTS ROCK MASS CLASSIFICATIONS

Engineering Properties of Rock Formations RQD (Rock Quality Designation) AND CORE RECOVERY CONCEPTS ROCK MASS CLASSIFICATIONS

Engineering Properties of Rock Formations RMR ROCK MASS RATING AND ROCK MASS ENGINEERING PROPERTIES

ROCK MASS CLASSIFICATIONS Engineering Properties of Rock Formations RMR ROCK MASS RATING AND ROCK MASS ENGINEERING PROPERTIES

ROCK MASS CLASSIFICATIONS Engineering Properties of Rock Formations Q-SYSTEM AND ROCK MASS ENGINEERING PROPERTIES Where RQD is Rock Quality Designation, J n is joint set number, J r is joint roughness number, J a is joint alteration number, J w is joint water reduction factor, and SRF is stress reduction factor. It should be noted that RQD/J n is a measure of block size, J r /J a is a measure of joint frictional strength, and J w /SRF is a measure of joint stress

ROCK MASS CLASSIFICATIONS Engineering Properties of Rock Formations GSI-SYSTEM AND ROCK MASS ENGINEERING PROPERTIES  = c +  tan 

ROCK MASS CLASSIFICATIONS Engineering Properties of Rock Formations GSI ?

ROCK MASS CLASSIFICATIONS Engineering Properties of Rock Formations GSI ?

ROCK MASS CLASSIFICATIONS Engineering Properties of Rock Formations GSI ?

ROCK MASS CLASSIFICATIONS Engineering Properties of Rock Formations GSI ?

ROCK MASS CLASSIFICATIONS Engineering Properties of Rock Formations GSI ?

ROCK MASS CLASSIFICATIONS Engineering Properties of Rock Formations GSI ?

ROCK MASS CLASSIFICATIONS Engineering Properties of Rock Formations GSI ?

ROCK MASS CLASSIFICATIONS Engineering Properties of Rock Formations GSI ?

ROCK MASS CLASSIFICATIONS Engineering Properties of Rock Formations RQD ?

EARTH MAKING SUBSTANCES ROCKS ROCK SLOPE STABILITY/ INSLOPE&OUTSLOPE

EARTH MAKING SUBSTANCES ROCKS ROCK SLOPE STABILITY

EARTH MAKING SUBSTANCES SOILS GRAIN SIZE The smaller the grain size or The lower the compaction degree results in; * more pores, * more water in pores, * more settlement, * less bearing capacity, Cohesion governs for small sizes of particles whereas Friction angle governs for large particles  = c +  tan 

EARTH MAKING SUBSTANCES SOILS SOIL BEHAVIOUR/SETTLEMENT

EARTH MAKING SUBSTANCES SOILS SOIL BEHAVIOUR/BEARING CAPACITY

EARTH MAKING SUBSTANCES SOILS SOIL BEHAVIOUR/LIQUEFACTION LOOSE SOIL DENSIFY DURING LIQUEFACTION…  = c +  tan 

EARTH MAKING SUBSTANCES SOILS SOIL BEHAVIOUR/LIQUEFACTION SOIL BEHAVES LIKE LIQUID AND HAVE LITTLE OR NO SHEAR STRENGTH AT ALL…

EARTH MAKING SUBSTANCES SOILS SOIL BEHAVIOUR/LIQUEFACTION