Chapter 21 and 22 - Plants

1. What is a plant? A multicellular eukaryote autotroph that does photosynthesis. Has cell walls made of cellulose. Have organs – roots, stems, leaves

2. What is a cuticle? Waxy waterproof covering on stems and leaves. Keeps water in Is a lipid

3. From which organisms do scientists think plants evolved? Green algae in ancient oceans - b/c of the chlorophyll and chloroplasts they both have in common

4. Plants had to adapt to life on land 4. Plants had to adapt to life on land. One way was to prevent water loss. How did they do that. Developed a waxy coating - cuticle

5. How did they adapt to photosynthesis? Developed an organ just for photosynthesis – leaves

6. How were their roots an adaptation? 1. take in water and nutrients from soil 2. anchor plant in ground 3. can store extra glucose/starch (food)

7. How do they transport materials? Have veins called xylem and phloem Xylem transports water from roots to leaves Phloem transports glucose from leaves to roots

8. What are vascular tissues? The veins of the plant – they xylem and phloem

9. What is the difference between vascular and nonvascular plants? Vascular plants have xylem and phloem Nonvascular plants DON’T have xylem and phloem

10. Why are vascular plants more advanced than nonvascular plants? Can live in drier places, can grow larger, can live in a variety of habitats

11. What is an example of a vascular and a nonvascular plant? Vascular – fern, tree, grass Nonvascular - moss

12. How is the seed an adaptation to life on land? Seed=plant embryo + food supply Outer covering called seed coat protects embryo from drying out Seeds do not need water for reproduction

13. Not all plants have seeds 13. Not all plants have seeds. How do non-seed plants handle reproduction? Use spores – no seed coat, no protection from drying out. Must reproduce when there is plenty of moisture in the environment.

14. Why is being a non-seed plant a disadvantage? Spores dry out – don’t last as long as seeds No food supply for embryo like in a seed Have to live in wetter places – limited habitats

15. Complete the following chart: Vascular or Nonvascular Seed or Seedless Seeds in (if they have seeds) Examples Moss Nonvascular Seedless moss Ferns ferns Gymnosperms Vascular Seeds Cones Pine, spruce, Angiosperms Flowers/fruits Maple, rose, carrot