Lab 9 Bryophytes

Land Plants General features of the green plants Common name: Land plants Synonyms: Embryophytes, Kingdom Plantae Habitat: Terrestrial, some secondarily freshwater or marine Growth habit: Multicellular; thallus, or stems, roots, and leaves Undulipodia (“flagella”): Whiplash (2 to 1000+) on sperm cells only, or none

Land Plants Clonal reproduction: Multicellular propagules, vegetative Sexual reproduction: Heteromorphic alternation of generations Included Phyla: Hepatophyta, Anthocerophyta, Bryophyta, Lycophyta, Psilotophyta, Sphenophyta, Pterophyta, Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, Coniferophyta, Gnetophyta, Anthophyta Recognized by: Embryonic sporophytes, airborne meiospores, cuticle

Hepatophyta General features of the land plants Common name: Liverworts Synonyms: Marchantiophyta Growth habit: Multicellular; thallus, or stems and leaves Undulipodia (“flagella”): Two whiplash

Hepatophyta Conductive cells: None Clonal reproduction: Gemmae (multicellular propagules) Sexual reproduction: Homosporous Representative genera: Marchantia, Porella Recognized by: Sporophytes with short setae, short capsules, and elaters; leaves (if present) without midribs

 Marchantia, other genera Hepatophyta

 Marchantia gemma cup

 Marchantia antheridiophores Hepatophyta

 Marchantia antheridiophore Hepatophyta

 Marchantia archegoniophores Hepatophyta

 Marchantia archegoniophore Hepatophyta

 Marchantia sporophytes Hepatophyta

 Marchantia mature sporophyte Hepatophyta

 Porella preserved gametophyte Hepatophyta

 Porella antheridiophore Hepatophyta

 Porella archegoniophore Hepatophyta

 Porella sporophyte Hepatophyta

 Porella sporophyte Hepatophyta

Anthocerophyta General features of the land plants Common name: Hornworts Synonyms: None Growth habit: Multicellular; thallus Undulipodia (“flagella”): Two whiplash

Anthocerophyta Conductive cells: None Clonal reproduction: None Sexual reproduction: Homosporous Representative genera: Anthoceros Recognized by: Thalloid gametophyte; sporophyte with long capsule

 Anthoceros Anthocerophyta

 Anthoceros antheridia Anthocerophyta

 Anthoceros Anthocerophyta

 Anthoceros foot Anthocerophyta

 Anthoceros meiosporangium Anthocerophyta

Bryophyta General features of the land plants Common name: Mosses Synonyms: Muscophyta Growth habit: Multicellular; stems and leaves Undulipodia (“flagella”): Two whiplash

Bryophyta Conductive cells: Leptoids (food) and hydroids (water) Clonal reproduction: Gemmae (multicellular propagules) Sexual reproduction: Homosporous Representative genera: Mnium, Polytrichum Recognized by: Sporophytes with long setae and peristomes, leafy gametophytes

 Assorted mosses Bryophyta

 Moss protonema Bryophyta

 Mnium stem Bryophyta

 Mnium antheridia Bryophyta

 Moss archegonium Bryophyta

 Mnium mature sporophyte Bryophyta

 Moss peristome Bryophyta

Distinguishing the sporophytes