Comprehension Speech perception:

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Comprehension Speech perception: Perception of smallest units of speech on up Lexical access: Finding the entry in memory Word recognition: Getting meaning of individual words Sentence understanding: Putting words together and extracting meaning Discourse processing: Understanding connected sentences and deriving intent of speaker (as well as literal message) Carroll, David W. 1999. Psychology of Language, third edition. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.

Production (Levelt, 1989) Conceptualizing a message/thought Formulating a linguistic plan Articulating the plan Monitoring the output Levelt, W.J.M. 1989. Speaking: From Intention to Articulation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Cited in Carroll, David W. 1999. Psychology of Language, third edition. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, p. 192.

Spoonerisms You have hissed my mystery lectures. missed history I saw you fight a liar in the back quad. light fire In fact, you have tasted the whole worm. wasted term Carroll, David W. 1999. Psychology of Language, third edition. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, p. 193.

Speech Error Types 1 Shift That's so she'll be ready in case she decide to hits it (decides to hit it). Exchange Fancy getting your model renosed (getting your nose remodeled). Anticipation Bake my bike (take my bike). Perseveration He pulled a pantrum (tantrum). Carroll, David W. 1999. Psychology of Language, third edition. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, p. 194.

Speech Error Types 2 Addition I didn't explain this clarefully enough (carefully enough). Deletion I'll just get up and mutter intelligibly (unintelligibly). Substitution At low speeds it's too light (heavy). Blend That child is looking to be spaddled (spanked/paddled). Carroll, David W. 1999. Psychology of Language, third edition. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, p. 194.

Common Properties of Speech Errors - 1 1. "elements that interact with one another tend to come from similar linguistic environments" The little burst of beaden (beast of burden) 2. "elements that interact with one another tend to be similar to one another." Sesame Street crackers (sesame seed crackers)

Common Properties of Speech Errors - 2 3. "even when slips produce novel linguistic items, they are generally consistent with the phonological rules of the language" 4. "there are consistent stress patterns in speech errors" Carroll, David W. 1999. Psychology of Language, third edition. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, pp. 194-195.

Phonological Bias Technique 1 (Baars, 1980) ball doze bash door bean deck bell dark darn bore Carroll, David W. 1999. Psychology of Language, third edition. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, pp. 201-202.

Phonological Bias Technique 2 (Baars, 1980) big dutch band doll bill deal bark dog dart board Carroll, David W. 1999. Psychology of Language, third edition. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, pp. 201-202.

Motley's Biasing List toy dog flat tire could knock cold nuns nosey cooks red sky let david leg dangle dead level Motley, Michael T. Sept. 1985. Slips of the tongue. Scientific American 253(3): 116-127.

Motley's Electric Shock/Sexual Anxiety Experiment Threat of Electric Shock sham dock damn shock varied colts carried volts worst cottage cursed wattage Sexual Anxiety past fashion fast passion sappy hex happy sex share boulders bared shoulders Motley, Michael T. Sept. 1985. Slips of the tongue. Scientific American 253(3): 116-127.

Stages of Production (Levelt, 1989) 1. Conceptualizing 2. Formulating 3. Articulating 4. Self-Monitoring Carroll, David W. 1994. Psychology of Language, second edition. Pacific Grove, California: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, p. 192.

Fromkin's Model of Speech Production Stage Process 1 Generate meaning to be conveyed 2 Select syntactic structure with word slots specified 3 Generate intonation contour 4 Insert content words 5 Formulate affixes and function words 6 Specify phonetic segments Victoria A. Fromkin. 1971. The non-anomalous nature of anomalous utterances. Language 47: 27-52. Cited in Carroll, David W. 1999. Psychology of Language, third edition. Pacific Grove, California: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, p. 198.

Accommodation She's already bagged two packs (packed two trunks) Carroll, David W. 1999. Psychology of Language, third edition. Pacific Grove, California: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, p. 198.

Dell's Parallel Model of Linguistic Planning 1. Semantic 2. Syntactic 3. Morphological 4. Phonological [Including distinctive features] Carroll, David W. 1999. Psychology of Language, third edition. Pacific Grove, California: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, pp. 203-204.

Speech Rates and Error Rates Error frequencies are: few/zero occasional (more) Error types are: real words real words NOT real words Based on data in Carroll, David W. 1999. Psychology of Language, third edition. Pacific Grove, California: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, p. 204.

Incremental Processing A Rough Schematic PLANNING vvv www xxxx yyy zzzz SPEAKING vvv www xxxx yyy zzzz (Spaces represent pauses) Based in part on the discussion in Carroll, David W. 1994. Psychology of Language, second edition. Pacific Grove, California: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, p. 208.

Characteristic Structure of Self-Repairs 1. We interrupt ourselves 2. We utter some "editing expression" that signals (to some extent) what went wrong 3. We repair the utterance Carroll, David W. 1994. Psychology of Language, second edition. Pacific Grove, California: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, p. 209.

Editing Expressions - 1 I saw... uh ... 12 people at the party. (Trying to remember) I saw... oh ... 12 people at the party. (Estimating) Bill hit him—hit Sam, that is. ("further specify a potentially ambiguous referent") Carroll, David W. 1994. Psychology of Language, second edition. Pacific Grove, California: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, pp. 211-212.

Editing Expressions - 2 I am trying to lease, or rather, sublease, my apartment. ("nuance editing") I really like to—I mean, hate to—get up in the morning. ("true errors") Carroll, David W. 1994. Psychology of Language, second edition. Pacific Grove, California: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, pp. 211-212.