Melts+Fluids in the Mantle Silicate Melts Hydrous Fluids CO2 vapor (also CH4-rich vapor?) Carbonatites Halide Melts (brines) Sulfide/oxysulfide melts.

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Presentation transcript:

Melts+Fluids in the Mantle *Silicate Melts *Hydrous Fluids *CO2 vapor (also CH4-rich vapor?) *Carbonatites *Halide Melts (brines) *Sulfide/oxysulfide melts *Metallic melts (?) *Carbide melts

Anderson+Neumann, 2001 CO2 inclusions in olivine

Up to 28% Cl Klein Ben-David et al Klemme, 2004 Brines or Halide Melts

(Fe,Ni,Cu)S Bockrath et al sulfide-oxide eutectic Urakawa et al. 1987

Lord et al Dasgupta+Hirschmann, in press

Shen and Keppler, 1997

Dasgupta et al Example of carbonatite-silicate immiscibility Partial melting of carbonate eclogite at 3 GPa

Partial melts of carbonated peridotite Dasgupta et al. 2007

Hoink+Lenardic, 2008 Priestly and McKenzie, 2006

Gaillard et al., Science 2008 Evans et al High Electrical Conductivity in the LVZ: best explained by carbonatite?

ΔT = 220 °

Hirose and Kawamoto 1995, Hirose 1997, Kawamoto and Holloway 1997, Gaetani and Grove 1998, Hall 1999

Experimental determination of enhanced peridotite melting owing to CO 2. Dasgupta et al. 2007

Parameterization of Enhanced Silicate Melting as a function of Melt CO 2 content Dasgupta et al. (2007) ΔTΔT XXX

The LVZ IS above the solidus of carbonated peridotite Dasgupta+ Hirschmann, 2006

Hirschmann et al Aubaud et al. (2004, 2008), Hauri et al. (2006), Tenner et al. (2009). Sub-solidus Pyroxene Al 2 O 3 Al 3+ + H + → Si 4+ Abundances along a ridge adiabat

CO 2 has a smaller freezing- point effect than H 2 O… …but is much more enriched in near-solidus melts

Priestly+McKenzie, 2006Ritzwoller et al. 2004

Gaillard et al., Science 2008 Evans et al High Electrical Conductivity in the LVZ: best explained by carbonatite?

Compaction time calculated after McKenzie (1984) Bulk viscosity 1 10^19 Pa s Melt viscosity 1 Pa s; Matrix density 3350 kg/m^3 Compaction time for 100 km thick partially molten region for silicate or carbonatite partial melts

Kawakatsu et al. Science % decrease in S wave velocity 3.5-4% Melt OR % melt concentrated in layers

Hydrous Wadsleyite (Fe,Mg) 7 Si 4 O 14 (OH) 2

Wadsleyite stable Olivine Stable 410 km Bercovici and Karato, Transition zone water filter hypothesis

Hirschmann et al 2005 peridotite H 2 O storage capacity

MORB Source Bulk H 2 O: ppm OIB source & subduction zone bulk H 2 O: ppm

Withers and Hirschmann, 2008

10-13 GPa experiments ºC

Irifune & Isshiki 1998, Stixrude & Lithgow- Bertelloni 2005; 2007 Ridge Adiabat

100 µm GPa, °C. n = 6 Olivine Opx

Gt From Withers et al & Mookherjee and Karato, GPa, 1100 ° C