 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Importance and Principles Infiltration Performance Selection and Areas of Application Requirements and Design Considerations Layout and Detailing Maintenance and Monitoring Permeable Concrete Block Paving (pCBP)

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Relieving Sewage Systems w/ Reduced Runoff

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Method: Reducing Runoff w/ Permeable CBP Absorption of Precipitation  With Permeable Surface Temporary Retention of Infiltrated Rainwater  With Permeable Pavement Structure Partial Infiltration of Seepage Water  Through the Formation Level depending on the Permeability of the Soil Restricted Recharge of the Remaining Runoff  With Connected Drainage Facilities Collecting the Seepage Water  With Impermeable Membranes on the Surface of the Formation Level Collecting the Remaining Runoff  For further Use

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Retention Infiltration Restricted Discharge Principle: Reducing Runoff w/ Permeable CBP

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Reducing Runoff as a Component of SUDS

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Research: Permeability Reduction by Clogging

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Results: Long-term Performance (Aging)

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Conclusions: Reduced Runoff Coefficient

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Determination of Possible Areas of application according to Traffic Load and Protection of Soil and Groundwater Judging the Soil according to Load Bearing Capacity and Permeability Designing the Road Construction according to Load Bearing Capacity and Permeability Selecting the Materials according to Load Bearing Capacity and Permeability Selecting the Permeable Paving Blocks according to Aesthetics and Infiltration Performance Choosing and Designing the Connected Drainage Facility Determination of Suitable Methods for Monitoring the Infiltration Performance Determination of Suitable Methods to Maintain the Infiltration Performance Preconditions General Requirements:  No Affection of Soil and Ground Water  Permanent Road Operation (Damage-free Construction)  Permanent Infiltration (Proper Reduction of Runoff)  Proper and Regular Drained Surface (Safe Road)

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Areas of Application Traffic areaUse RoadsResidential Roads, Access Roads, Service Roads Parking AreasParking Areas occasional in use for Truck and Bus Traffic, Parking Areas constantly in use for Car Traffic and minor Truck/Bus Traffic Industrial Traffic Areas Industrial Roads with minor Traffic, Industrial Parking Areas, Container Hard Standings Special Traffic Areas Track and Rail Areas of Public Transport, Airbase Aprons and Parking Areas for Planes Other Traffic Areas Platforms for Public Transport, Farm and Forestry Roads, Emergency Escape Ramps Residential/ Private Areas Cycle Ways and Footpaths, Real Property Entries, Landscape and Garden Areas

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Areas of Application

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Areas of Application

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Determination of Construction and Thickness according to: Frost Susceptibility of the Soil (→ Permeability) Local Climate Conditions Structural Performance of Aggregates and Base Courses Design Traffic Load Performance Criteria: Criteria: Complete and Permanent Infiltration of a Standard Rainfall Measure Required Rainfall Measure (i.e. In the UK): BRE Digest 365 (Soakaway design): M5-10 = 180 l/(s  ha) eq. 1,08 mm/min Required permeability of the soil: k u  k f /2 = 3.6  m/s Design Methods

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Criteria: Sufficient Permeability to Absorb the Standard Rainfall Measure Required Permeability according to Aging: 3.6  m/s According to Percentage of Openings: Mineral Aggregates: Openings/Bedding: Crushed Gravel 1/3 to 2/5 mm Base course: Modified Type 3 Material (Fines < 3 M.-%) Performance Criteria

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Pavement Design with Permeable CBP Base Course Thickness: Depending on Soil Permeability Materials: Permeability according to Design-Rainfall Permeable Paving: Depending on Traffic Load

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Pavement Design with Permeable CBP

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Suitability tests of the materials Suitability tests of the soil On-site acceptance tests Type of Testing: Lab Tests Open-End-Test Infiltration Test Monitoring

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Monitoring: Testing the Subgrade

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Monitoring: Testing the Base Course

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Monitoring: Testing the Surface

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Monitoring: Testing the Surface

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Control of Pavement Condition and Function Assessment of Structural and Drainage Performance Control of Joints and Joint Filling Completely Filled Joints Guarantee Horizontal Load Transmission! Road Cleaning Mechanical Cleaning only 3 Months after Completion! Periodical Cleaning Afterwards can not Replace an Additional Drainage! In Practice Maintenance is Expensive! Maintenance

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden The Overall Costs of Permeable Road Constructions are related to Conventional Road Constructions: Regularly the Same with Good Soil Conditions A little Higher with Bad Soil Conditions Detailed Costs in Comparison to Conventional Road Constructions: Permeable Paving Blocks:Higher Base Courses:Same with Good Soil Conditions Higher with Bad Soil Conditions Drainage Facilities:Lower Costs

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Origin and Types of Overstress of the Pavement: Premature Exhaustion Sudden Local Collapse Long-ranging Permanent Deformation Failures, Defects, Damages

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Failures, Defects and Damages

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Failures, Defects and Damages

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Failures, Defects and Damages

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Failures, Defects and Damages

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Failures, Defects and Damages

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Failures, Defects and Damages

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Failures, Defects and Damages

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Failures, Defects and Damages

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Failures, Defects and Damages

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Quality Assessment Purpose: Prevention of Constructional Damages Method: Quality Improvement w/ Continuous Job-site Monitoring Goal:Document the technical and legal precise state of the art. Raise the standard of specification balanced for all parties. Improve the technical qualification of designers, specifiers, contractors and manufacturers. Continuously review the job-site construction work.

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Quality Assessment – Rectification Costs

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Quality Assessment – Methods Documentation of the whole Sequence of Construction by Elaboration of Daily Work Step Checklists (Contractor with Expert) Supervision of Documents by Integrity, Plausibility, Conformity (Inspector of the Contractor) Monitoring of Documents and Work Progress (External Expert)

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Quality Assessment Checklists include i.e.: Incoming Controls of Building Materials Controls of Installation Controls of Pavement

 Dr. Sönke Borgwardt Dr. Soenke Borgwardt Buero BWB Norderstedt Fehmarnstrasse 37 D Norderstedt Tlf. +49 (0) Fax +49 (0) Water Permeable Pavements Presentation SEPT-Workshop 2011 in Dresden Accompanying Control Tests for Internal Controls, i.e. Compaction Difference in Elevation Difference in Evenness Joint Widths Quality Assessment – Methods