Cell Biology Robert Hooke, and his drawing of cells Van Leeuwenhoek and his microscope Schleiden and Schwann.

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Cell Biology Robert Hooke, and his drawing of cells Van Leeuwenhoek and his microscope Schleiden and Schwann

Cell Biology I.Overview A. Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotic Cells (eubacteria and archaea) - no nucleus - no organelles - binary fission - small (0.2 – 2.0 um)

Cell Biology I.Overview A. Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotic Cells - biofilms Staphyloccocus aureus biofilm

Cell Biology I.Overview A. Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotic Cells 2. Eukaryotic Cells (protists, plants, fungi, animals) - nucleus - organelles - mitosis - larger ( um)

Cell Biology I.Overview A. Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotic Cells 2. Eukaryotic Cells B. How Cells Live - take stuff in

Cell Biology I.Overview A. Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotic Cells 2. Eukaryotic Cells B. How Cells Live - take stuff in - break it down and harvest energy (enzymes needed) ADP +PATP mitochondria

Cell Biology I.Overview A. Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotic Cells 2. Eukaryotic Cells B. How Cells Live - take stuff in - break it down and harvest energy (enzymes needed) and - transform radiant energy to chemical energy ADP +PATP mitochondria ADP +PATP chloroplast

Cell Biology I.Overview A. Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotic Cells 2. Eukaryotic Cells B. How Cells Live - take stuff in - break it down and harvest energy (enzymes needed) - use energy to make stuff (like enzymes and other proteins, and lipids, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids) - DNA determines sequence of amino acids in enzymes and other proteins ADP +PATP ribosome

ADP +PATP ribosome

Cell Biology I.Overview II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells A. Membrane Structure 1. phospholipids

Cell Biology I.Overview II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells A. Membrane Structure 2. proteins and carbohydrates

Cell Biology I.Overview II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells A. Membrane Structure B. Membrane Function 1. semi-permeable barrier Aqueous Solution (inside cell) dissolved ions dissolved polar molecules suspended non-polar (lipid soluble) Aqueous Solution (outside cell) dissolved ions dissolved polar molecules suspended non-polar (lipid soluble)

Cell Biology I.Overview II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells A. Membrane Structure B. Membrane Function 1. semi-permeable barrier 2. transport Net diffusion equilibrium

Cell Biology I.Overview II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells A. Membrane Structure B. Membrane Function 1. semi-permeable barrier 2. transport - diffusion Net diffusion equilibrium Net diffusion Equilibrium Net diffusion Equilibrium

Cell Biology I.Overview II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells A. Membrane Structure B. Membrane Function 1. semi-permeable barrier 2. transport - osmosis

Cell Biology I.Overview II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells A. Membrane Structure B. Membrane Function 1. semi-permeable barrier 2. transport – facilitated diffusion

Cell Biology I.Overview II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells A. Membrane Structure B. Membrane Function 1. semi-permeable barrier 2. transport – active transport

Cytoplasmic Na + bonds to the sodium-potassium pump Na + binding stimulates phosphorylation by ATP. Phosphorylation causes the protein to change its conformation, expelling Na + to the outside. Extracellular K + binds to the protein, triggering release of the phosphate group. Loss of the phosphate restores the protein’s original conformation. K + is released and Na + sites are receptive again; the cycle repeats.

Cell Biology I.Overview II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells A. Membrane Structure B. Membrane Function 1. semi-permeable barrier 2. transport 3. metabolism (enzymes nested in membrane) 4. signal transduction

Cell Biology I.Overview II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells A. Membrane Structure B. Membrane Function 1. semi-permeable barrier 2. transport 3. metabolism (enzymes nested in membrane) 4. signal transduction 5. cell-cell binding 6. cell recognition 7. cytoskeleton attachment

Study Questions: 1. List three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 2. What is a biofilm? 3. Describe the function of mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and liposomes. 4. Why is the lipid bilayer a barrier to water soluble molecules? 5. Describe diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport. 6. How does solute concentration and pressure affect water potential and osmosis.