Horney ( ) Part 2

Neurotic trends (in contrast to normal needs) disproportionate in intensity indiscriminant in application everyone must love me; I must be better than everyone; etc. disregard for reality intense anxiety if not satisfied

Self Healthy: Real self  self-realization (full potential) Unhealthy: Idealized self  neurosis Tyranny of the “shoulds ALIENATION FROM THE REAL SELF

Externalization (self-obliteration) everything happens “outside of self,” and only changes outside of self will “fix things” external factors maintain idealized self externalization of rage Anger turned against others (instead of self) Fear that person’s faults will be intolerable to others (anger at self) Body disorders (anger at self)

SECONDARY ADJUSTMENT TECHNIQUES:  blind spots compartmentalizing rationalization excessive self- control arbitrary rightness elusiveness cynicism

SECONDARY ADJUSTMENT TECHNIQUES: blind spots  compartmentalizing rationalization excessive self-control arbitrary rightness elusiveness cynicism

SECONDARY ADJUSTMENT TECHNIQUES: blind spots compartmentalizing  rationalization excessive self- control arbitrary rightness elusiveness cynicism

SECONDARY ADJUSTMENT TECHNIQUES: blind spots compartmentalizing rationalization  excessive self- control (no emotion) arbitrary rightness elusiveness cynicism

SECONDARY ADJUSTMENT TECHNIQUES: blind spots compartmentalizing rationalization excessive self- control  arbitrary rightness elusiveness cynicism

SECONDARY ADJUSTMENT TECHNIQUES: blind spots compartmentalizing rationalization excessive self- control arbitrary rightness  Elusiveness (no decision) cynicism

SECONDARY ADJUSTMENT TECHNIQUES: blind spots compartmentalizing rationalization excessive self- control arbitrary rightness elusiveness  Cynicism (so not disappointed)

Goals of Therapy Self-realization Being productive, truthful, and cooperative with others Prevent externalization In touch with real self Healthy characteristics: Responsibility Inner independence Spontaneity of feeling Wholeheartedness

Feminine psychology Penis envy “womb” envy

Horney vs. Freud Early childhood Unconscious motivation Biological motivation (environment more important than anatomy) Optimistic, not pessimistic Therapy (self-analysis) Prognosis for change

Critique Criticisms: Unoriginal ideas Little empirical support Disregard of healthy people Contributions: Original ideas Self-analysis Feminine psychology

Erik Erikson ( )

The Epigenetic Principle "anything that grows has a ground plan”

psychosocial  Personality affected by both:  Biology  Culture  Importance of the ego  life span approach

General Sequence of Stages Ritualism Ritualization Virtue Ego Strengthened or weakened 8 of these Crisis: 1.immature 2.critical 3.resolution Genetics

Stage 1: Trust versus Mistrust Age: 0-1 Value: Hope

Stage 1 Ritualization: Numinous – cultural ways mother and child interact Ritualism: Idolism – excessive admiration instead of warm feeling to others

Stage 2: Autonomy versus Shame, Doubt Age: 1-3 Value: Will

Stage 2 Ritualization: Judiciousness – learning right from wrong Ritualism: Legalism – preoccupation with rules instead of reason for rules

Stage 3: Initiative versus Guilt (“imagination vs. limits”) Age: 4-5 Value: Purpose

Stage 3 Ritualization: Authenticity – role playing Ritualism: Impersonation – confusing playing a role with real personality

Stage 4: Industry versus Inferiority Age: 6-11 Value: Competence

As in Adler’s “inferiority complex”? Wow!

Stage 4 Ritualization: Formality – learning how things work in one’s culture Ritualism: Formalism – preoccupation with work, no interest in why things work

Stage 5: Identity versus Identity Confusion moratorium identity crisis role confusion negative identity Age: Value: Fidelity

Stage 5 Ritualization: Ideology – embracing a philosophy of life Ritualism: Totalism – embrace simplistic ideas of heroes

Stage 6: Intimacy versus Isolation Age: Value: Love

Stage 6 Ritualization: Affiliation – intimate relationship Ritualism: Elitism – superficial relationships w/ a small group of people

Stage 7: Generativity versus Stagnation Age: Value: Care

Stage 7 Ritualization: Generationalism – transmit cultural values to next generation Ritualism: Authoritism – using power for selfish gains

Stage 8: Integrity versus Despair Age: 65-death Value: Wisdom

Stage 8 Ritualization: Integralism – unification of previous ritualizations, see one’s life contributing to immortal culture Ritualism: Sapientism – pretense of being wise

Psychosocial Stages Compared with Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Psychosocial Stage (Erikson)Psychosexual Stage (Freud) 1. Trust vs. Mistrust Oral 2. Autonomy vs. Shame, Doubt Anal 3. Initiative vs. Guilt Phallic 4. Industry vs. Inferiority Latency 5. Identity vs. Identity Diffusion Genital 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation 7. Generativity vs. Self-Absorption 8. Integrity vs. Despair

Goal of Therapy Strengthen the ego, encourage growth of values