Personality

Trait- aspect of personality that is considered to be reasonably stable. Based on behavior, consistent Five-Factor Model- recent research suggesting 5 basic traits/factors: extroversion, emotional stability (Eysenck), conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness to experience

Freud Id- Basic drives/demands ex. Hunger. Pleasure through instant gratification “I want” Ego- Reason and good sense, reality principle. Forms because demands may be harmful, can’t always get what you want Superego- Moral principle, standards and values. Acts as conscience and floods ego with feelings of guilt and shame

Defense Mechanisms (what are they?) Methods the ego uses to avoid recognizing ideas or emotions

Repression: removes anxiety causing ideas from conscious awareness by pushing them into unconscious Rationalization: use of self-deception to justify unacceptable behaviors or ideas - distortion Displacement: transfer of an idea or impulse from a threatening or unsuitable object to a less threatening object friend after coach yelled at you) Regression: When under a great deal of stress they will return to a behavior that is characteristics of an earlier stage of development

Defense Mechanisms cont’d Projection: people deal with unacceptable impulses by projecting these impulses outward onto other people (cheaters often accuse partners of cheating) Reaction Formation: act contrary to genuine feelings in order to keep true feelings hidden Denial: refusing to accept the reality Sublimation: channel basic impulses into socially acceptable behavior. Ex. Hostile = contact sports

Stages of Development Oral: 1 st year of life, everything in mouth. Food= pleasure. Infants who are neglected may develop oral fixations Anal: 11/2- 2 ½ control of own bodily functions, general self-control. Conflict can lead to anal retention or expulsion Phallic: 3 rd year discover differences between the sexes and more focused on own bodies. Develop strong attachments to opposite sex parents also rival for parents affection

Stages of Development cont’d Latency: 5 or 6 conflict for several years, retreat from the conflict and repress all aggressive urges. Latent= hidden Genital: puberty- more aware of gender identity. Early conflicts arise.

Archetypes Carl Jung- Ideas and images of the accumulated experience of all human beings. Ex: supreme being, young hero, nurturing mother Cinderella’s story is adapted to Korean Romance dramas – rags to riches

Personality Disorders Paranoid: suspiciousness, distrust of others’ motives Schizoid: detachment from social relationships Schizotypal: acute discomfort in close relationships, eccentricities of behavior Antisocial: disregard of the rights of others Borderline: instability in interpersonal relationships and self- image Histrionic: need for attention, excessive emotionality

Personality Disorders cont’d Narcissistic: grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy Avoidant: social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy Dependent: submissive, clinging Obsessive- Compulsive: obsession with orderliness, perfectionism and control