DSM

Psychological Perspectives

Names

Thinking

Sensation and Perception

Disorders

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What does the DSM IV TR stand for?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4 th Edition, Text Revised

What does the DSM provide?

Describes disorders/symptoms; Does NOT provide causes

How many axes are there in the DSM?

5

What does Axis II ask?

Is there a personality disorder or mental retardation?

What does Axis III ask?

Is a general medical condition (diabetes, arthritis, etc.) present?

Dominated psychology for much of the 20 th century; Founded by Freud

Psychoanalysis

Describes the effects of social environments and culture on the behavior of others

Social-Cultural

Proposed by William James; How does our behavior and mental processes enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish?

Functionalism

Name and describe the perspective promoted by Edward Tichener

Structuralism: the mind could be broken down into the smallest elements of experience

Theory of evolution and natural selection

Charles Darwin

Began a movement to improve conditions in mental hospitals

Philippe Pinel

Identified six universal facial expressions

Paul Ekman

Studied nonsense words; Retention curve (forgetting curve)

Herman Ebbinghaus

A neo-Freudian that said that much of our behavior is an attempt to overcome the inferiority complex

Alfred Adler

A typical best example incorporating the major features of a concept

Prototype

Thinking of many solutions to a problem

Divergent thinking

A tendency to approach a problem in a particular way (often one that has been successful in the past)

Mental Set

A decision is based on information that is easily retrieved from memory

Availability heuristic

What is confirmation bias?

The tendency to focus on information that supports one’s preconceptions (and ignore evidence that disproves them)

Analysis that begins with the raw materials that enters through our sense organs

Bottom-up processing

The smallest possible stimulus that can be detected 50% of the time

Absolute threshold

The ability to attend to only one voice among many; Yet, at the same time, you can hear your voice being called

Cocktail party effect

Studying of relationship between stimuli and perception of those stimuli; Developed by Gustav Fechner; What Wudnt studied as well

Psychophysics

What is signal detection theory?

Analysis of sensory and decision making processes in the detection of faint, uncertain stimuli; Predicts when we will detect weak signals

Disorder characterized by deficits in social relatedness and communication skills that is often accompanied by repetitive, ritualistic behavior

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Less severe version of depression, however, longer lasting

Dysthymia

A pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others; Typically have no regard for right or wrong

Antisocial personality disorder

Involves flight from home and the assumption of a new identity with amnesia for past identity and events

Dissociative Fugue

Disorder in which anxiety is converted into physical symptoms

Conversion Disorder

Converting unacceptable impulses into a more acceptable form

Sublimation