Personality Disorders

What is a Personality disorder? A rigid pattern of inner experience and outward behavior that differs from the expectations of one’s culture and leads to dysfunctioning

Dsm IV Checklist 1.An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture, with at least 2 of the following areas affected: cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, impulse control 2.Pattern is inflexible & pervasive across a broad range of personal and social situations 3.Pattern is stable and long-lasting, and its onset can be traced back at least to adolescence or early adulthood 4.Significant distress or impairment

How many personality disorders are there? The DSM identifies 10 personality disorders Separates them into clusters: ODD, DRAMATIC, and ANXIOUS Symptoms overlap—hard to distinguish which leads to misdiagnosis or multiple diagonsis

“ODD” Personality Disorders Paranoid Schizoid Schizotypal

DRAMATIC PERSONALITY Disorders Antisocial Borderline Histrionic narcissitic

ANXIOUS PERSONALITY DISORDERS Avoidant Dependent Obsessive-compulsive

PARANOID personality disorder DEEPLY DISTRUST OTHER PEOPLE See threats everywhere Look for hidden meanings in everything Cold, distant Inaccurate perceptions of people, but they are not delusional Critical of others Blame others when things go wrong in their lives Estimated.5 to 2.5 % of population may have this

ANTISOCIAL Personality disorder Described as “sociopaths” or “psychopaths” Persistently disregard and violate the rights of others Closely linked to adult criminal behavior Most people with antisocial personality disorder showed patterns of misbehavior before age 15 including, truancy, running away, physical cruelty to animals or people, destroying property, or setting fires

ANTISOCIAL Personality disorder (cont.) Lie repeatedly Many cannot work consistently at a job or are absent frequently or quit Careless w/money, may not pay debts Impulsive Irritable, aggressive, and quick to start fights Recklessness Self-centered Trouble maintaining relationships Up to 3% of U.S. population meets criteria for antisocial personality disorder

BORDERLINE Personality disorder Display great instability, including major shifts in mood, unstable self-image, and impulsivity Unstable relationships [anger may lead to physical aggression and violence May engage in self-destructive activities (alcohol and substance abuse, unsafe sex, reckless driving, cutting themselves) May form intense, conflict-ridden relationships Violate boundaries of relationships 75% who receive diagnosis are women 2% of general population believed to have this

OBSESSIVE- COMPULSIVE Personality disorder Person is focused on order, perfection, and control— they lose all flexibility, openness, and efficiency Concerned w/doing everything RIGHT—this interferes w/production Set unreasonably high standards for self Refuse to seek help or work on a team Afraid to make mistakes = reluctant to make decisions Rigid, stubborn Live by a strict personal code Relationships stiff or artificial 1 to 2 % of population may have-usually white, educated, married, and employed. Men more likely than women to be diagnosed.

Personality Disorders-- summary Narcissistic— major characteristic is an exaggerated sense of self-importance Anti-social—chronic pattern of self-centered, manipulative and destructive behavior Paranoid—characterized by suspicious, mistrustful, secretive and jealous behavior Borderline—instability of self-image, mood, and social relationships; poorly defined identity. Individuals usually have a difficult time with relationships Dependent—extreme dependence on others, submissive and clingy behavior, difficulty making decisions, helplessness