James Madison: Presidency ( ) Father of the Constitution (drafted the Virginia Plan which provided the essential framework for the document) Thomas Jefferson’s Secretary of State ( ) Fourth President of the United States ( )

Family Life Married Dolley Payne Todd at age 43 Dolley Madison They had no children but it is reported that they had a great life together Dolley Madison became famous as a First Lady and for saving many important items during War of 1812

Historical Contributions Constitutional Convention Delegate from Virginia Proposed the Virginia Plan which became basis for Constitution Kept a Meticulous Journal of the proceedings 4 th President of the U.S. Declared War on Britain in 1812

The Fourth of July in Philadelphia, c (p. 250)

Prelude to the War of 1812

Madison and “Commercial Warfare” Sought to avoid war through diplomacy and economic pressure Difficulties with British and French led to increasing calls for war –Nonintercourse Act: no trading with Britain and France –Macon’s Bill No. 2: tried to pit Britain and France against one another

Causes of the War of 1812: Territorial expansion OR maritime (at sea) rights? OR Both? 1.Freedom of the seas. a.British disregard for American naval ‘rights’ b.Policy of impressment. c.Blockading of American ports 2.American resentment of Britain. a. American belief that the British in Canada were arming and encouraging the Indians. 3.American ambition to annex Canada and Florida. War Hawks - Republicans from the South and West who wanted western lands secured for settlement.

Causes of the War of 1812

War of 1812

Major Battles Detroit Lake Erie Thames River Bladensburg Fort McHenry New Orleans

Major Battles of the War of 1812

Map 8.5 The War of 1812 (p. 238)

Treaty of Ghent Ceasefire All land returned to Country claiming it before the war US-Canada boundary: same as before the war No dealing with causes of war No British concessions

Andrew Jackson: the Battle of New Orleans January 1815 After the Treaty of Ghent signed Jackson victorious Jackson achieves national fame

Results of the War of Growth of American Nationalism. Star-Spangled Banner. Often referred to as the Second War for American Independence. 2. Strengthening of isolationism. 3. Increase in westward migration. 4. Encouragement of American Industry. 5. Disappearance of the Federalist Party.

War of 1812 popularly… Music: –1812 Overture –Star-Spangled Banner –Three Dead Trolls… –Johnny Horton New Era of Nationalistic Pride War heroes emerge as national politicians: –Andrew Jackson (Old Hickory), William Henry Harrison (Tippecanoe)

Hartford Convention Federalist convention –Rejected idea of New England secession –Called for 2/3 vote to enter war –Learned of Jackson’s victory at New Orleans –Heavily criticized as unpatriotic –Federalists never recovered

Evolution of Major Political Parties

Effects of the War of 1812