The Brain. Extreme abuse / neglect Perry, 1997 Abuse affects corpus callosum development.

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Presentation transcript:

The Brain

Extreme abuse / neglect Perry, 1997

Abuse affects corpus callosum development

Oxytocin modulates amygdala activity 15 male participants Intranasal puffs of oxytocin versus placebo fMRI Angry/ fearful faces Fearful/ threatening scenes Oxytocin significantly reduced amygdala activation (Kirsch et al., 2005)

Paediatric-onset PTSD secondary to abuse De Bellis, 2002

The role of stress hormones

Stress Toxic Stress Changes Brain Architecture Normal Toxicstress Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus Typical neuron— many connections Damaged neuron— fewer connections Sources: Radley et al. (2004) Bock et al. (2005)

Brake failure: reduced size of frontal cortex in Antisocial Personality Disorder A pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others (DSM-IV-TR, 2008) Also referred to as ‘psychopathy’ and ‘sociopathy’ Left hemisphere of the brain Comparing violent/ non-violent individuals Left image is outter (lateral) left- hemisphere; right image is inner (medial) left-hemisphere in reverse Left-medial-prefrontal cortex is outlined: shows reduced volume in violent individuals These are signs that something different is going on in the brains of pathologically aggressive people (Narayan et al., 2007)

Kids Company Staff Team: Very high satisfaction was found in relation to the following items, with strongly agreeing or agreeing to: Pride in work (97%); Job dynamism (94%); Staff capacity in doing a good job (96%); Kids Company’s organisational participatory approach (95%) Being proactive (92%). Overall, Kids Company has developed an effective and innovative model of work with vulnerable children and youth. Its practices, experiences and expertise should offer a pool of resources and lessons for policy-makers and the statutory sector in general.

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