Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land

Evidence suggests land plants evolved from green algae Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land Rose-shaped complexes for cellulose synthesis Peroxysome enzymes Structure of flagellated sperm Formation of a phragmoplast Genetic similarities.

Plants vs. Algae Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land Ancestral alga red algae chlorophytes charophyceans embryophytes

Kingdom Plantae Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land Ancestral alga red algae chlorophytes charophyceans embryophytes Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Streptophyta Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land Ancestral alga red algae chlorophytes charophyceans embryophytes Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Viridiplantae Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land Ancestral alga red algae chlorophytes charophyceans embryophytes Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Plantae. Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land Ancestral alga red algae chlorophytes charophyceans embryophytes Kingdom Protista

Derived traits of plants Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land Apical meristem (“growing tip”) Alternation of generations (sporophyte and gametophyte) Multicellular sporangia that produce walled spores Multicellular gametangia Multicellular, dependent embryos.

Alternation of generations. Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land

Mosses and bryophytes are dominated by the gametophyte stage. Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land gametophyte sporophyte

Mosses and bryophytes are dominated by the gametophyte stage. Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land mother child

Sphagnum moss covers great expanses of land as peat bogs, playing an important role in the carbon cycle. Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land

Sphagnum moss covers great expanses of land as peat bogs, playing an important role in the carbon cycle. Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land

Sphagnum moss covers great expanses of land as peat bogs, playing an important role in the carbon cycle. Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land

Seedless Vascular Plants. Club mosses Ferns Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land

Ferns and other seedless vascular plants formed the first forests. Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land

Vascular transport Roots Leaves Sporophylls Seeds. Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land Evolutionary milestones:

Xylem carries water and minerals up Made from dead cells called thracheids Lignin is a tough carbohydrate that allows the plant to grow tall. Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land Vascular Transport

Phloem carries down Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land Vascular Transport Made from living tissue.

Absorb water and nutrients May have evolved from subterranean stems May have evolved once or several times. Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land Roots

Leaves Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land

Leaves Two kinds: microphylls and megaphylls. Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land

Sporophylls Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land

Sporophylls Sporophylls are modified leaves with sporangia Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land

Sporophylls Sporophylls are modified leaves with sporangia Most seedless vascular plants make just one type of spore which develops into a bisexual gametophyte. Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land.