Fig µm

Fig a Green algae Amoebozoans Opisthokonts Alveolate s Stramenopiles Diplomonads Parabasalids Euglenozoans Dinoflagellates Apicomplexan s Ciliates Diatoms Golden algae Brown algae Oomycetes Excavata Chromalveolata Rhizaria Chlorarachniophytes Forams Radiolarians Archaeplastida Red algae Chlorophytes Charophyceans Land plants Unikonta Slime molds Gymnamoebas Entamoebas Nucleariids Fungi Choanoflagellates Animals

Fig Cyanobacterium Heterotrophic eukaryote Over the course of evolution, this membrane was lost. Red alga Green alga Primary endosymbiosis Secondary endosymbiosis Secondary endosymbiosis Secondary endosymbiosis Plastid Dinoflagellates Apicomplexans Stramenopiles Plastid Euglenids Chlorarachniophytes

Fig l 100 µm

Fig Pseudopodia 200 µm

Fig i 20 µm

Fig g 5 µm

Fig µm

Fig Long flagellum Eyespot Short flagellum Contractile vacuole Nucleus Chloroplast Plasma membrane Light detector Pellicle Euglena (LM) 5 µm

Fig µm Flagella Undulating membrane

Fig a Contractile vacuole Cilia Micronucleus Macronucleus Oral groove Cell mouth Food vacuoles (a) Feeding, waste removal, and water balance 50 µm

Fig b-2 Compatible mates Diploid micronucleus MEIOSIS Haploid micronucleus Key Conjugation Reproduction (b) Conjugation and reproduction Diploid micronucleus MICRONUCLEAR FUSION The original macronucleus disintegrates.

Fig µm Inside human Liver Liver cell Merozoite (n) Red blood cells Gametocytes (n) Haploid (n) Diploid (2n) Key Merozoite Apex Red blood cell Zygote (2n) FERTILIZATION Gametes Inside mosquito MEIOSIS Oocyst Sporozoites (n)

Fig Smooth flagellum Hairy flagellum 5 µm

Fig Germ tube Cyst Hyphae ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Zoospore (2n) Zoosporangium (2n) Haploid (n) Diploid (2n) Key Oogonium Egg nucleus (n) Antheridial hypha with sperm nuclei (n) MEIOSIS Zygote germination SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Zygotes (oospores) (2n) FERTILIZATION

Fig µm

Fig µm Outer container Flagellum Living cell

Fig Blade Stipe Holdfast

Fig cm Haploid (n) Diploid (2n) Key Sporangia Sporophyte (2n) Zoospore MEIOSIS Female Gametophytes (n) Egg Male Sperm FERTILIZSATION Zygote (2n) Developing sporophyte Mature female gemetophyte (n)

Fig a Bonnemaisonia hamifera 8 mm

Fig c Nori. The red alga Porphyra is the source of a traditional Japanese food. The seaweed is grown on nets in shallow coastal waters. The harvested seaweed is spread on bamboo screens to dry. Paper-thin, glossy sheets of nori make a mineral-rich wrap for rice, seafood, and vegetables in sushi.

Fig. 28-UN4 Chlorophytes Charophyceans Red algae Green algae Land plants Excavata Chromalveolata Rhizaria Archaeplastida Unikonta

Fig

Fig j 20 µm 50 µm

Fig (a) Ulva, or sea lettuce (b) Caulerpa, an intertidal chloro- phyte 2 cm

Fig Spores (n) Emerging amoeba (n) Solitary amoebas (feeding stage) (n) Aggregated amoebas Migrating aggregate Fruiting bodies (n) ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION 600 µm 200 µm Key Haploid (n) Diploid (2n) Amoebas (n) Zygote (2n) SEXUAL REPRODUCTION MEIOSIS FERTILIZATION

Fig Feeding plasmodium Mature plasmodium (preparing to fruit) Young sporangium Mature sporangium Stalk 4 cm 1 mm Key Haploid (n) Diploid (2n) MEIOSIS Spores (n) Germinating spore Amoeboid cells (n) Flagellated cells (n) Zygote (2n) FERTILIZATION