Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Eukaryotic  Chemoheterotrophic-require organic compounds for energy and carbon.  Most are decomposers  Mycology is the study of fungi The Fungi

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Molds  The fungal thallus (body) consists of hyphae (long filaments of cells joined together) Figure 12.2

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Yeasts  Unicellular fungi  Fission yeasts divide symmetrically  Budding yeasts divide asymmetrically Figure 12.3

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dimorphism  Pathogenic dimorphic fungi are yeastlike at 37°C and moldlike at 25°C Figure 12.4

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fungal Diseases (Mycoses)  Systemic mycoses: Deep within body  Subcutaneous mycoses: Beneath the skin  Cutaneous mycoses: Affect hair, skin, and nails  Opportunistic mycoses: Caused by normal microbiota or environmental fungi

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings FungiPositive EffectsNegative Effects SaccharomycesBread, wine, beerFood spoilage TrichodermaCellulose used for juices and fabric Cryphonectria parasitica (chestnut blight) TaxomycesTaxol productionCeratocystis ulm (Dutch elm disease) EntomorphagaGypsy moth control Economic Effects of Fungi

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Lichens  Mutualistic combination of an alga (or cyanobacterium) and fungus.  Alga produces and secretes carbohydrates; fungus provides holdfast.

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Lichens Figure 12.10

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Eukaryotic  Unicellular, filamentous, or multicellular (thallic)  Most are photoautotrophs The Algae

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Brown algae (kelp)  Multicellular  Store carbohydrates  Harvested for algin-food thickener found in ice cream and cake decorations. Figure 12.11b

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Red algae  Cellulose cell walls  Most are multicellular  Harvested for agar Figure 12.11c

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Green algae  Cellulose cell walls  Unicellular or multicellular  Gave rise to plants Figure 12.12a

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Diatoms  Pectin and silica cell walls  Unicellular  Fossilized diatoms formed oil Figure 12.13

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Protozoa  Eukaryotic  Unicellular  Chemoheterotrophs  Vegetative form is a trophozoite.  Some produce cysts. Figure 12.16

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Archaezoa  No mitochondria  Multiple flagella  Giardia lamblia  Trichomonas vaginalis (no cyst stage) Figure 12.17b–d

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Euglenozoa  Move by flagella  Photoautotrophs  Euglenoids  Chemoheterotrophs  Trypanosoma: Undulating membrane, transmitted by vectors.

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Euglenozoa Figure 12.21

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sarcodina  Move by pseudopods  Entamoeba  Acanthamoeba Figure 12.18a

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sporozoa  Nonmotile  Intracellular parasites  Complex life cycles  Plasmodium

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Plasmodium Figure 12.19

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure Ciliates  Move by cilia  Complex cells  Balantidium coli is the only human parasite.