Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case Microbiology B.E Pruitt & Jane J. Stein AN INTRODUCTION EIGHTH EDITION TORTORA FUNKE CASE Chapter 12, part A The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Fungi Eukaryotic Aerobic or facultatively anaerobic Chemoheterotrophic Most are decomposers Mycology is the study of fungi
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Mycology: The Study of Fungi Table 12.2
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fungi Table 12.1
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The fungal thallus consists of hyphae; a mass of hyphae is a mycelium. Molds Figure 12.2
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Unicellular fungi Fission yeasts divide symmetrically Budding yeasts divide asymmetrically Yeasts Figure 12.3
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pathogenic dimorphic fungi are yeastlike at 37°C and moldlike at 25°C Dimorphism Figure 12.4
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fungal Life Cycle Figure 12.7
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Systemic mycosesDeep within body Subcutaneous mycosesBeneath the skin Cutaneous mycosesAffect hair, skin, nails Superficial mycosesLocalized, e.g., hair shafts Opportunistic mycosesCaused by normal microbiota or fungi that are normally Fungal Diseases (mycoses)
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sporangiosphore Conidiospore Arthrospore Blastoconidium Chlamydospore Asexual spores Figure 12.1
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Conidiospores Figure 12.5
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PlasmogamyHaploid donor cell nucleus (+) penetrates cytoplasm of recipient cell (–) Karyogamy+ and – nuclei fuse MeiosisDiploid nucleus produces haploid nuclei (sexual spores) Sexual reproduction
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ZygosporeFusion of haploid cells produces one zygospore Sexual spores Figure 12.6
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings AscosporeFormed in a sac (ascus) Sexual spores Figure 12.7
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings BasidiosporeFormed externally on a pedestal (basidium) Sexual spores Figure 12.8
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Conjugation fungi. Coenocytic. Produce sporangiospores and zygospores. Rhizopus, Mucor (Opportunistic, systemic mycoses) Zygomycota
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Zygomycete Life Cycle Figure 12.6
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sac fungi. Septate. Produce ascospores and frequently conidiospores. Aspergillus (opportunistic, systemic mycosis) Blastomyces dermatitidis, Histoplasma capsulatum (systemic mycoses) Microsporum, Trichophyton (cutaneous mycoses) Ascomycota
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Ascomycete Life Cycle Figure 12.7
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Club fungi. Septate. Produce basidiospores and sometimes conidiospores. Cryptococcus neoformans (systematic mycosis) Basidiomycota
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Basidiomycete Life Cycle Figure 12.8
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Anamorphs Teleomorphic fungi: Produce sexual and asexual spores. Anamorphic fungi: Produce asexual spores only. rRNA sequencing places most in Ascomycota, a few are Basidiomycota Penicillium Sporothrix (subcutaneous mycosis) Stachybotrys, Coccidioides, Pneumocystis (systemic mycoses) Candida albicans (Cutaneous mycoses)
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Economic Effects of Fungi FungiPositive EffectsNegative Effects SaccharomycesBread, wine, beerFood spoilage TrichodermaCellulose used for juices and fabric Cryphonectria parasitica (chestnut blight) TaxomycesTaxol productionCeratocystis ulm (Dutch elm disease) EntomorphagaGypsy moth control
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Mutualistic combination of an alga (or cyanobacterium) & fungus Alga produces and secretes carbohydrates, fungus provides holdfast Lichens
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Lichens Figure 12.10
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Water molds Cellulose cell walls Multicellular Chemoheterotrophic Produce zoospores Decomposers and plant parasites Phytophthora infestans responsible for Irish potato blight P. cinnamomi infects Eucalyptus P. ramorum causes sudden oak death Oomycota Figure 12.15