Diversity of Living Things

The Big Picture of Kingdoms BACTERIA & ARCHAEA PROTISTS FUNGI & PROTISTS ANIMALS PLANTS

Section 3.3: Fungi Fungus: Are stationary, heterotrophic, eukaryotic organisms

Section 3.3: Fungi Fungus: Are stationary, heterotrophic, eukaryotic organisms All fungi are multicellular (except yeast) Hyphae are threadlike filaments that are the basic structural units that make up the body of a multicellular fungus

Section 3.3: Fungi Fungus: Are stationary, heterotrophic, eukaryotic organisms All fungi are multicellular (except yeast) Hyphae are threadlike filaments that are the basic structural units that make up the body of a multicellular fungus Mycelium is a complex network of hyphae that live in soil and on other nutritious substances, such as dead or living animals

Fruiting body

Section 3.3: Fungi Fungus: Are stationary, heterotrophic, eukaryotic organisms All fungi are multicellular (except yeast) Hyphae are threadlike filaments that are the basic structural units that make up the body of a multicellular fungus Mycelium is a complex network of hyphae that live in soil and on other nutritious substances, such as dead or living animals The portion of the fungus above the ground is the reproductive structure called the fruiting body

Fruiting body

Fungal Nutrition Fungi absorb nutrients from food through their cell membranes

Fungal Nutrition Fungi absorb nutrients from food through their cell membranes 4 different ways fungi obtain nutrients

4 ways of Fungal Nutrition 1) Parasitic fungi absorb nutrients from the living cells of a host organism. Most fungi live inside host organism. Cordyceps invade the body and kills the insect producing spores

4 ways of Fungal Nutrition 1) Parasitic fungi absorb nutrients from the living cells of a host organism. Most fungi live inside host organism. Cordyceps invade the body and kills the insect producing spores 2) Predatory fungi

4 ways of Fungal Nutrition 1) Parasitic fungi absorb nutrients from the living cells of a host organism. Most fungi live inside host organism. Cordyceps invade the body and kills the insect producing spores 2) Predatory fungi are soil fungi whose mycelia have specialized structures for trapping pray – i.e., Arthrobotrys trap tiny worms 3) Mutualistic fungi

4 ways of Fungal Nutrition 1) Parasitic fungi absorb nutrients from the living cells of a host organism. Most fungi live inside host organism. Cordyceps invade the body and kills the insect producing spores 2) Predatory fungi are soil fungi whose mycelia have specialized structures for trapping pray – i.e., Arthrobotrys trap tiny worms 3) Mutualistic fungi partner with organisms (plants & protists) and the mycelia increase the absorptive surface of the plant roots allowing more nutrient intake

4 ways of Fungal Nutrition 1) Parasitic fungi absorb nutrients from the living cells of a host organism. Most fungi live inside host organism. Cordyceps invade the body and kills the insect producing spores 2) Predatory fungi are soil fungi whose mycelia have specialized structures for trapping pray – i.e., Arthrobotrys trap tiny worms 3) Mutualistic fungi partner with organisms (plants & protists) and the mycelia increase the absorptive surface of the plant roots allowing more nutrient intake 4) Saprobial – an organism feeding on dead organisms or organic wastes – play an important role in recycling nutrients in ecosystems

Sir David Attenborough on Cordyceps Note these Questions that must be answered (short one word answers – i.e., “yes” “no”) while watching the video: 1)How many individual acts can there be in a hectare? 2) What are the jungle ants called? 3)What does the parasitic cordycep infiltrate? 4)Are the ants in the vicinity of the fungus as risk? 5)Do the thousands of types of cordyceps fungi specialize on one specie? 6)What is the positive effect cordycep fungi have?

Fungal Reproduction Fungi have both asexual and sexual reproduction methods Asexual repro. Done by spore production or other means – i.e., yeasts use budding which involves a smaller cell, attached to a parent cell, being pinched off to produce a new individual So, asexual fungi reproduce by fragmentation Taxonomists classify fungi largely based on whether repro. Is sexual or asexual, and on structure of fruiting body

Five groups of Fungi 4 groups that sexual fungi + 1 group of asexual fungi = 5 groups Asexual group is call Fungi Imperfecti

Handout

Lichens Are composite organisms because they form a unique organism that depends on a relationship between different species The two species always consist of a fungus and a photosyntheic organism, such as green alga or a cyanobacterium Lichens are a source of food for animals (deer, caribou, etc) and make litmus paper (used for pH testing!)