Lab 8 Chlorophyta, Lichens, Symbiosis

Green Plants Common name: Green plants Synonyms: Viridiplantae Mode of nutrition: Autotrophic; green chloroplasts (some parasitic members) Habitat: Freshwater, marine, terrestrial Growth habit: Unicellular, filamentous, various multicellular Cell wall: Cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins Undulipodia (“flagella”): Whiplash (2 to 1000+) or none

Green Plants Food storage: Starch Clonal reproduction: zoospores, aplanospores, multicellular propagules, vegetative Sexual reproduction: Unicellular, haploid dominant, diploid dominant, alternation of generations Included Phyla: Chlorophyta, Hepatophyta, Anthocerophyta, Bryophyta, Lycophyta, Psilotophyta, Sphenophyta, Pterophyta, Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, Coniferophyta, Gnetophyta, Anthophyta

Chlorophyta General features of the green plants Common name: Green algae Synonyms: None Habitat: Freshwater, marine, terrestrial Growth habit: Unicellular, colonial, filamentous, flat sheet, plectenchyma, parenchyma Undulipodia (“flagella”): two or more whiplash, or none Clonal reproduction: Mitosis of unicells, zoospores, rarely aplanospores

Chlorophyta Sexual reproduction: Haploid dominant, diploid dominant, alternation of generations, unicellular; isogamous, anisogamous, oogamous Representative genera: Chara, Chlamydomonas, Cladophora, Closterium, Gonium, Hydrodictyon, Monostroma, Oedogonium, Pediastrum, Scenedesmus, Spirogyra, Ulva, Volvox Recognized by: Green plants that are not “land plants” (embryophytes)

 Pediastrum Chlorophyta

 Scenedesmus Chlorophyta

 Scenedesmus Chlorophyta

 Volvox Chlorophyta

 Volvox Chlorophyta

 Spirogyra Chlorophyta

 Spirogyra Chlorophyta

 Oedogonium Chlorophyta

 Cladophora Chlorophyta

 Cladophora Chlorophyta

 Codium Chlorophyta

 Ulva Chlorophyta

 Monostroma or Ulva Chlorophyta

 Chara Chlorophyta

Lichens Fungus and alga Ascomycota and Chlorophyta most common (all examples in lab) Autotrophic Clonal reproduction by soredia or isidia Sexual reproduction by ascospores, followed by parasitism of free-living algae

 crustose, foliose, and fruticose Lichens

 crustose, from Cal Poly Pomona Lichens

 Umbilicaria Lichens

 Physcia Lichens

 Azolla with Anabaena Mutualism

 Azolla with Anabaena Mutualism

 Cycad coralloid roots Mutualism

 Cycad coralloid roots Mutualism