Detergents from renewable resources Sugar based surfactants Ingegärd Johansson AkzoNobel Surface Chemistry

Sustainable chemistry 2030 Five companies with a common vison for the future: ”2030 Stenungsund is the centre for production of sustainable products within the chemical industry. Our activity is based on renewable raw materials and energy and contributes to a sustainable society.

Earlier, now and in the future 2030 Only renewable raw material All products contribute to sustainable development All plastics we produce are recovered West coast net for district heating and cooling Biogas, bioethanol och biohydrogen is produced 2010 More raw material from renewable sources Goals for lower output of CO2 District heating well established Recovery of material and more sustainable products 1990 Raw material from fossil sources Higher output per kilo produced Lower demands from the environment and shorter lifetime for the products

Many good forces need to cooperate:  Market- Our customers continue to ask for innovative, green products  Rules of the game- Brave politicians who dare to support next generation chemistry/process industry  Competence -A research policy that enables a good cooperation between industry and university/technical high schools  Capital - Our companies continue to invest  Partners - An open mind towards entrepreneurs (new ideas, technique) and cooperation with others  Confidence - We, the Stenungsund companies, continue to strengthen our relations to the local community Factors for success

Our vision can also become that of Sweden  Economical development and jobs  Sustainable and climate smart industry  A stepwise revolution-which can become reality with your help

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Surface active agents = Surfactants HydrophilicHydrophobic Likes water Likes oil

Surfactants derived from renewable sources HydrophilicHydrophobic Carboxylic group Glycerol, saccharides, phosphate, ammonia, urea, Ethylene oxide from bio-ethanol Fatty acids, alcohols, lignins, steroids, lecithins protein hydrolysates

Alkyl (poly) glucosides HydrophilicHydrophobic Glucose (from starch or cellulose) Fatty alcohols ( from fatty acids i.e. from “fat”)

Classical synthesis of Alkyl Glucosides, ”Fischer glucosidation” Classical synthesis of Alkyl Glucosides, ”Fischer glucosidation”

Work-up procedure for industrial (Fischer) glucosidation  Neutralization, NaOH + Na 2 CO 3  Evaporation of the excess alcohol (reused), risk for discoloration (caramellization and Maillard reaction)  Dissolution in suitable medium  Bleach with alkaline hydrogen peroxide, risk for oxidized by-products

By-products at AG- production  Dealkylation and polymerization of glucose give poly saccharides  Dehydratization, gives unsaturated products e.g. hydroxymethyl furaldehyde, which may polymerize to coloured complex products  Oxidation of OH-functions give carboxylic acids. These may react with alcohol under acidic conditions resulting in esters. Under alkaline conditions, e.g. when being bleached, these get hydrolyzed and pH will go down.

Need for an enzymatic process?  Stereo specificity?  Excess alcohol to avoid polymerization?  Easier work-up procedure?  Are there enzymes capable of doing this?

Greenchem results?  Stereospecific syntheses works  Difficult to get an efficient process with cheap raw material  Focus on specialties for specific purposes  Ex. Long chain glucosides as emulsifiers and solubilizers  Applications interesting for AstraZeneca

Before mixing/turning

After mixing/turning