Nomenclature ( Compounds: Formulas & Names) Dr. Ron Rusay © Copyright 2010 R.J. Rusay

Chemical Formulas and Naming Molecular Formula: Elements’ Symbols = atoms Subscripts = relative numbers of atoms How are compounds named? CaCl 2 CCl 4 NaOH (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 C 20 H 26 N 2 O (Ibogaine)

Nomenclature Nomenclature: the naming of compounds Governed by the IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry International rules are updated periodically General schemes and examples follow:

Naming Compounds Name cation first, then anion Monatomic cation = name of the element Ca 2+ = calcium ion Anion = root + -ide Cl  = chlorine Binary Ionic Compounds: For example; CaCl 2 ide CaCl 2 = calcium chloride

Common Monatomic Cations and Anions

Common Cations and Anions

QUESTION

ANSWER. D)lithium chloride Lithium is a Group IA metal, so it always forms a +1 ion. Therefore, no roman numeral is necessary.

Naming Compounds (continued) metal forms more than one cation: Pb 2+ or possibly Pb 4+ ? Ambiguous? option 1) use Roman numeral in name If Pb 2+ is the cation; eg. PbCl 2 : PbCl 2 = lead (II) chloride or 2) use name (latinized) + suffix: -ous (lower) or -ic (higher) Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II): PlumbumPlumbous

Common Type II Cations

Naming Compounds (continued) Compounds formed between two nonmetals First element in the formula is named first. It is the more electropositive. Second element is named as if it were an anion. Use prefixes to count the # of atoms. Do not normally use mono as a prefix.- P 2 O 5 = diphosphorus pentoxide Binary compounds (Type III):

QUESTION

ANSWER. B)iron (II) oxide Iron is a transition metal that forms more than one type of ion. A roman numeral is needed to indicate which ion is present in the compound.

Prefixes & The Number of Atoms

Predict the correct name of the compound represented in the box. A) Nitrogen oxideB) Oxygen nitride C) Dinitrogen monoxide D) Nitrogen dioxide QUESTION

Predict the correct name of the compound represented in the box. A) Nitrogen oxideB) Oxygen nitride C) Dinitrogen monoxide D) Nitrogen dioxide ANSWER

Compounds with more than two different elements Polyatomic ions: [oxygen as the third atom]

QUESTION Which of the following provides the correct name for Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 ? A.Calcium dihydrogen phosphate B.Calcium (II) hydrogen phosphate C.Calcium di-dihydrogen phosphate D.Calcium (II) dihydrogen phosphate

ANSWER Which of the following provides the correct name for Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 ? A.Calcium dihydrogen phosphate B.Calcium (II) hydrogen phosphate C.Calcium di-dihydrogen phosphate D.Calcium (II) dihydrogen phosphate

QUESTION Of the following, which provides the most acceptable name for Fe 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 3 ? A.Iron (II) oxalate B.Iron (II) oxalate (III) C.Iron (III) trioxalate D.Iron (III) oxalate

ANSWER Of the following, which provides the most acceptable name for Fe 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 3 ? A.Iron (II) oxalate B.Iron (II) oxalate (III) C.Iron (III) trioxalate D.Iron (III) oxalate

Naming Acids [Compounds with electropositive Hydrogen atom(s)]

QUESTION Hypochlorous acid is related to the anion found in common household bleach. Which of the following is that common anion? A.ClO 4 – B.ClO 3 – C.ClO 2 – D.ClO –

ANSWER Hypochlorous acid is related to the anion found in common household bleach. Which of the following is that common anion? A.ClO 4 – B.ClO 3 – C.ClO 2 – D.ClO –

Names from Formulas Name the following SO 2 CaBr 2 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 PCl 5 ( NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 FeO HI (aq) HBrO NaClO 4

Names from Formulas Solutions: Sulfur dioxideCalcium bromide Zinc nitrate Phosphorus pentachlorideAmmonium sulfate Iron(II) oxide Hydroiodic acidHypobromous acid Sodium perchlorate

Formulas from Names Provide formulas for the following Sulfur trioxide Magnesium chloride Lead (IV) sulfate Diphosphorus pentasulfide Ammonium phosphate Iron (III) oxide Hydrobromic acid Chloric acid Sodium chlorite

Formulas from Names Solutions: SO 3 MgCl 2 Pb(SO 4 ) 2 P 2 S 5 ( NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 Fe 2 O 3 HBr HClO 3 NaClO 2