INORGANIC COMPOUNDSORGANIC COMPOUNDS  Small in size  No carbon (some exceptions)  Not a good source of energy  Found on earth and in living things  Ex: water, acids, bases, salts  Large in size  All contain carbon, and usually hydrogen >CO 2 is inorganic  Good source of energy Ex: carbs and lipids  Only in living things  Other examples: Proteins, DNA, and RNA  Also known as macromolecules

CHEMISTRY OF WATER

POLARITY Oxygen – electronegative & selfish and hogs the electrons Electronegative refers to its ability to attract electrons Polar covalent bond created between H & O Polarity- unequal sharing of electrons Results in a positive (H) and a negative (O) dipole

HYDROGEN BONDING Hydrogen bond- when H is weakly bonded to a more electronegative atom Caused by the polarity of water molecules Polarity and H bonds give water important in properties POGIL- ns/how-polarity-makes- water-behave-strangely- christina-kleinberg propertiesofwater/water.html propertiesofwater/water.html

PROPERTIES OF WATER Cohesion Adhesion Surface tension High specific heat Moderates temperature on earth and in our bodies Density of ice vs. water

COHESION & ADHESION Cohesion- water molecules sticking to other water molecules To create the least amount of surface area Adhesion- water molecules sticking to anything OTHER than water Ex: To plants, car windows, mirrors etc. Space station Video watch?v=whukr452ZvY

Water attracted to one another Pull inward- creates “membrane” on the outside of the molecules Caused by H bonds creating strong cohesive layer SURFACE TENSION Space Station- whukr452ZvY

ICE IS LESS DENSE THAN LIQUID WATER A liter of ice weighs less than a liter of water Caused by the hydrogen bonds- spread molecules out What would happen if ice was more dense than water? What effect do you think that would have on life? Ted Ed –Water Video- show after does-ice-float-in-water-george- zaidan-and-charles-morton does-ice-float-in-water-george- zaidan-and-charles-morton ebcontent/animations/content/p ropertiesofwater/water.html ebcontent/animations/content/p ropertiesofwater/water.html

WATER IS THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT Suspension – 2 or more materials that do not chemically combine (heterogeneous) Ex: water and sand Solution – uniform mixture of 2 or more substances where the solid is chemically dissolved in the liquid. (homogeneous) Ex: Salt water Solvent – dissolving agent (usually water) Solute – Substance being dissolved (salt) Show Sumansain video

HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY Water has a high specific heat capacity Can absorb large amounts of heat and only raise temperate by a few degrees Regulates the climate (keeps it a moderate temp) Organisms (mostly made of water) regulate body temp in the same way

PH SCALE Acid – donates H+ ions Below 7 on pH scale Lower numbers = stronger acid Ex: Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Neutral – equal H+ and OH- Ex: Pure water, human blood pH of 7 Base – accepts H+ ions Above 7 on pH scale High number = stronger base Ex: ammonia, bleach

ACID PRECIPITATION! YIKES! Sulfur dioxides and nitrogen oxides mix with atmosphere From burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas) Factories and cars Rain, snow, fog pH < 5.6 Recorded as low as 3! Impacts: Killing plants, and animals Eroding of buildings/statues/pipes/cables

BUFFER S A chemical substance that resists changes in pH by accepting hydrogen ions from or donating hydrogen ions to solutions (has both weak acid and base in it) Maintains homeostasis

BUFFERS First 2 mins of:

PH AND BREATHING

WHAT IS THE TERM THAT REFERS TO WATER MOLECULES BEING ATTRACTED TO OTHER WATER MOLECULES? COHESION

WHAT IS THE TERM THAT REFERS TO THE UNEQUAL SHARING OF ELECTRONS? POLARITY

WHAT ARE THE BONDS CALLED WHICH HOLD WATER MOLECULES TOGETHER? HYDROGEN BONDS

WHAT CAUSES HYDROGEN BONDS TO OCCUR IN WATER MOLECULES? POLARITY

WHAT IS THE TERM THAT REFERS TO WATER MOLECULES BEING ATTRACTED TO SUBSTANCES OTHER THAN WATER? ADHESION

WHAT ARE THE BONDS CALLED WHICH HOLD OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN TOGETHER? POLAR COVALENT BONDS

WHY DOES SURFACE TENSION OCCUR? COHESION- INWARD PULL OF WATER MOLECULES

WHAT IS A UNIFORM MIXTURE OF 2 OR MORE SUBSTANCES WHERE THE SOLID IS CHEMICALLY DISSOLVED IN THE LIQUID? SOLUTION

WHAT IS A MIXTURE CALLED WHEN 2 OR MORE MATERIALS DO NOT CHEMICALLY COMBINE? SUSPENSION

WHAT IS THE TERM FOR A DISSOLVING AGENT IN A SOLUTION? SOLVENT

WHAT IS THE TERM FOR THE SUBSTANCE BEING DISSOLVED? SOLUTE