1 Oxygen Administration

2 Introduction  Oxygen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is essential for the body to function properly and to survive  The air that we breathe in contains approximately 21% oxygen, and the heart relies on oxygen to pump blood  If not enough oxygen is circulating in the blood, it’s difficult for the tissues of the heart to keep pumping  Supplemental oxygen is used to treat medical conditions in which the tissues of body do not have enough oxygen  Oxygen is a gas, but when administered as a supplement to normal atmospheric air, may also be considered as a medication (or drug)

3  This device delivers an unpredictable amount of oxygen ranging from % at L/min depending on how much the patient inhales through the mouth  Higher flow rates are uncomfortable for the patient  A high flow rate can quickly dry out the nasal mucosa and become rapidly uncomfortable NASAL CANNULA low oxygen device

4 NASAL CANNULA Cont… low oxygen device Delivers 25-45% FIO2 at 1-6 L/min flow 1.Flow 0 liters per minute: 21% (Room Air) 2.Flow 1 liters per minute: 25% 3.Flow 2 liters per minute: 29% 4.Flow 3 liters per minute: 33% 5.Flow 4 liters per minute: 37% 6.Flow 5 liters per minute: 41% 7.Flow 6 liters per minute: 45%

5 SIMPLE FACEMASK low oxygen device  It seals poorly and its large ventilation holes allow the oxygen flow to be diluted with air  The simple facemask at an oxygen flow of 6 L/min delivers approximately % oxygen  Increasing the flow to 10 L/min may increase oxygen concentration to about 50 %  If the flow rate is less than 6 L/min (as cylinder nears empty), the patient may re-breathe much of his own exhalation and thus, the concentration of oxygen delivered will be low, possibly severely hypoxic

6 Partial Rebreathing Mask with reservoir Moderate oxygen device Delivers 35-60% Oxygen at 6-10 L/min flow rate ΩFirst third of exhaled gases mix with reservoir ΩExhaled gases from upper airway are oxygen rich Reservoir

7 Non-Rebreathing Mask with reservoir High oxygen device  Delivers 95% Oxygen at L/min  Two valves added to Rebreathing mask prevents: –Entrainment of room air during inspiration –Retention of exhaled gases during expiration Valves

8 Oxygen Hood High oxygen device  Clear plastic shell encompasses the baby's head  Well tolerated by infants  Size of hood limits use to younger than age 1 year  Allows easy access to chest, trunk, and extremities  Allows control of Oxygen Delivery: oOxygen concentration oInspired oxygen temperature and humidity  Delivers 80-90% oxygen at liter per minute

9 References