Photosynthesis and Respiration

Metabolism The total of all chemical reactions that take place in an organism. Most chemical reactions in an organism require enzymes. An enzyme is a protein that speeds up a chemical reaction.

Photosynthesis carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen The process of converting light energy into chemical energy and storing that energy in the bonds of a sugar (glucose) Producers – including plants, algae and some bacteria – are photosynthetic Takes place in the chloroplast of a cell carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2

Photosynthesis Almost all living things depend on sunlight! carbon dioxide oxygen Sunlight (energy) glucose water

Cellular Respiration Respiration – the process in which chemical reactions break down food molecules into simpler substances and release stored energy. There are two types of cellular respiration – aerobic and anaerobic.

Aerobic Respiration Uses oxygen to release energy from glucose in order to generate a maximum of 38 ATP (adenosine triphosphate) Occurs in both producers and consumers

Electron Transport Chain Aerobic Respiration Step Glycolysis Kreb’s Cycle Electron Transport Chain Occurs In Cytoplasm Mitochondria glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

Aerobic Respiration oxygen carbon dioxide water glucose ATP (energy)

Anaerobic Respiration Does not use oxygen to release energy from glucose and only generates 2 ATP. This occurs when there is no oxygen or not enough oxygen for aerobic respiration. Occurs in both producers and consumers. Takes place in the cytoplasm. Products include carbon dioxide, lactic acid and alcohol.

Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration Reactants carbon dioxide and water glucose and oxygen Products Where it Occurs chloroplast cytoplasm and mitochondria When it Occurs In the light anytime Occurs in Producers? Yes Occurs in Consumers? No

Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration glucose + oxygen ATP (energy) sunlight (energy) carbon dioxide + water