Addressing Multipurpose Infrastructure Challenges: An Overview from Innovative Approaches Stockholm, Feb. 23, 2010 Ousmane Dione Lead Water Resources Spec. The World Bank

MY THEMES 1.Multipurpose infrastructure decline: An evidence for poor developing countries 2.Multipurpose infrastructure: Challenges and Opportunities; 3.Scaling up multipurpose infrastructure: From Constraints to Benefit Sharing 4.In conclusion…

Storage per capita in arid countries Source: World Bank analysis of ICOLD data The infrastructure divide….. even wider for energy access

69% 33% 7% 75% 22% 49% Source: World Atlas of Hydropower & Dams, 2002 While Europe, North America and Australasia have developed most of the HEP, it is clear that substantial new development would be expected in South America, Africa and Asia.

storage & regulation (flood & drought) Water resources Multi-purpose options irrigation water supply navigation, recreation.. ‘new’ renewable Power Options analysis thermal nuclear Multi-purpose,byproduct hydropower Single-purpose, primary Multipurpose infrastructure: The entry points:

Irrigated Agriculture Flood mngmt. Watershed Management Regional Transmission System Local Community Infrastructure Hydromet System Hydropower From Single Output …to Multiple Interests Growth Pole Investments Energy for growth Fisheries & aquatic ecosystems

Climate Change, an additional new challenge: Yet, very little guidance on “How to do it” in water infrastructure… An urgent need to adapt to water extreme and secure energy needs…

MY THEMES 1.Multipurpose infrastructure decline: An evidence for poor developing countries 2.Multipurpose infrastructure: from Challenges to Opportunities; 3.Scaling up multipurpose infrastructure: From Constraints to Benefit Sharing 4.In conclusion… b

Sequencing and prioritizing options can be complex... But credibility lay on actions on the ground.

Turning the challenges to opportunities: Exploring the options Option 1: Are there low hanging fruits? Engage earlier in rehabilitation of strategic infrastructure that yield benefits and provide opportunities for further regional developments Mount Coffee Hydro Plant Kainji Hydro plant Towers but no conductors

Turning the Challenges to Opportunities: Exploring the Options Option 2: Engage on new infrastructure, ready to be launched as catalyst for quick payoffs and plan smoothly bigger ones. Both processes could be accompanied by Institutional reforms and strengthening. Félou hydropower site Gouina Hydropower site West Kosi Hydropower site

AKHORI DAM MUNDA DAM DIAMER BASHA DAM KURRAM TANGI DAM Option 3: Support on-going feasibility studies and then invest on best options (e.g. Indus River Basin) Turning the Challenges to Opportunities: Exploring the Options

Name of Project LiveStorage(MAF) Irrigable Area (Acres) Installed Capacity (MW) Status/ Completion Date Basha Diamer Dam 6.404, Mangla Raising Mangla Raising April 2009 Gomal Dam , October 2010 Satpara Dam , September 2009 Munda Dam MW 2015 Kurram Tangi Dam MW 2012 Akhori Dam Engineering Design being undertaken Pipeline of River regulation projects in the Indus Basin (Pakistan)

Four main challenges associated with multipurpose development Technical challenges could be broad but rarely stop project implementation; Institutional challenges vary within a large spectrum of cases (e.g. up to trans-boundary issues); Environmental and Social challenges associated with safeguards and Benefits sharing are among the most controversial and often stale multipurpose projects; Financial challenges arising from various sources (e.g. cost overrun) Overlap of these challenges, is the main obstacle for multipurpose in developing countries.

MY THEMES 1.Multipurpose infrastructure decline: An evidence for poor developing countries 2.Multipurpose infrastructure: Challenges and Opportunities; 3.Scaling up multipurpose infrastructure: From Constraints to Enabling Framework 4.In conclusion…

ROR-1 Storage Well articulated, Multipurpose development can bring Benefits to Nation (s) and the Communities 1. Watershed Management (soil & water mgt, agric. productivity) Fore st 3. Irrigation 4. Fisheries 5. Flood Control 6. Other Benefits: Economic Multipliers Reducing hydrologic risks Regional cooperation 2. Community Basic Services (e.g. water supply, electricity ) Lifecycle Community Power Royalties

Opportunities: Choice of the most suitable sites; Optimize water resources in a cascade approach; Define benefit sharing in a broader and multi-sectors context; Ensure synergies of actions on the ground; Bring riparian together and minimize trans- boundary tensions; Design reservoirs in a more sound manner (length vs width)…. Exploring multipurpose development: Basin perspective

Niger River Basin Niger Basin at glance Basin Organization: Niger Basin Authority. Creation: 1963 Recent Legal agreement: NBA convention 1980 Riparian countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Cote d’Ivoire, Guinea, Mali, Niger & Nigeria Active area: 1.5M km2 Population: 100 million Water flows: River length: 4200 km Maxi: 200 km 3 / year Mini: 0 at Niamey (1985)

Senegal River Basin Senegal Basin at glance Basin Organization: OMVS. Creation: March 11, 1972 Recent Legal agreement: Inclusive Framework (2005) Riparian countries: Guinea, Mali, Mauritania & Senegal. Active area: 380,000 km 2 Population: ±13 million. Water Resources: -River length: 1800 km -Maxi: 30 km 3 /year -Mini: 0.1Million

Addressing the Institutional Framework is Critical Niger Basin: overall reform of the Niger Basin Authority (NBA); Framework between the regional, the national and the local levels (through consultations and planning) defined; Senegal River Basin: Inclusion of Guinea within OMVS framework; Senegal River Basin: OMVS institutional chart revised to include the three levels (regional, national and local);

Council of Ministers Summit of Heads of State OMVS High Commission Consultative Organs (Planning, Consultation & Regulation ) 09 LCCs Local Coordination Committees OMVS Mali OMVS Senegal OMVS Mauritania OMVS Guinea 08 LCCs 14 LCCs07 LCCs National Cells Getting the institution right: OMVS organogram Regional level

Ensure timely consultations and communications with stakeholders on specifics Niger River Basin: Fada Ngurma Forum is the civil society consultative framework for the basin development issues; Senegal River Basin: NGO’s union (CODESEN and CONGAD) are the key interlocutors; Senegal River Basin: Local Coordination Committees representatives participate in OMVS Permanent Water Commission (PWC); Ensuring that linkages between the regional, the national and local are also translated into actions on the ground.

Consultations of stakeholders and trainings on development issues

Ensure that Environmental and Social issues are properly addressed: From safeguards compliance to grassroots benefits and ownership: Identify at an early stage the benefits at stakes and include them in the design; Integrate benefit packages as appropriate (e.g. irrigation and rural electrification); Build ownership and foster inclusion as they are critical for success. Provide benefits to stakeholders and communicate on results with links to the multipurpose infrastructure;

Ensuring Benefits Sharing: Rural Electrification based on existing transmission lines

Ensuring Benefits Sharing: Irrigation development in the Senegal Valley

Ensuring Benefits Sharing: Agroforestry and Watershed Management in the Fouta Djalon BEFORE AFTER

Ensuring Benefits Sharing: Development of Fishery in the Senegal Valley BEFORE AFTER

Ensuring Benefits Sharing: Reduction of Water Borne Diseases (Malaria & Bilharzia)

Scaling up cooperative benefits from multipurpose: The results Cooperative Benefits generated in Senegal Basin MWRD –OMVS program (US$ 310 million): 3 million LLINs to mitigate malaria effects from the dams;Praziquantel to children against Bilharzia; Navigation over 900 km; Rural electrification along the 1500 km power transmission; Construction of intakes and rehabilitation of pumping stations (55, 000 ha irrigation) Watershed management in Guinea; Local level empowerment with NGOs; Feasibility studies of 4 dams. From local to Regional Cooperative Benefits generated in Niger Basin WRDSEM (US$ 500 million): Institutional reform & strengthening of NBA & its national cells. Rehabilitation of Kainji & Jebba HEP 2000MW – connection to Niger &Benin ; Feasibility studies of 4 dams (ML, GN, NGR, CMR); Watershed management in Guinea and erosion control in Niger; Irrigation (34,000ha in Mali, Niger and Benin); Development of fisheries in Mali. Stakeholders empowerment through Fada Ngurma Forum. From Regional to local

FA MAURITANIAMALISENEGAL Joint Project Agreement OMVS Subsidiary Credit Agreements GUINEA SAEDPDIAMSONADERGENIE-RURAL Performance Contracts Financing Arrangements for the Senegal River Basin Multipurpose Program Overcoming the financing gap and instrument

33 …..Technical focus on the most innovative and optimized approach: multipurpose cascade in SRB

34 …..Technical focus on the most innovative and optimized approach: multipurpose cascade in NRB

Maintain leadership focus: Successful Multipurpose is Good Water Resources Management  which is also Good Politics

With climate change impacts, multipurpose infrastructure through basin approach can respond to water storage, reduce variability ands optimize various needs (Energy?) through a cascade design; Multipurpose infrastructure can provides multiples benefits to nation (s) and stakeholders (win/win); Basin organizations provide the tools (institutional and legal); Shift ways of doing business based on the infrastructure legacy and basin context; Project not always gratefully received – understand what is at stake and communicate; Action speaks louder than words – What is good for population is good for politicians ….. good for financing partners; That, at least, is the theory! ….But move it to practice. In conclusion

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