Agriculture and Agriculture et Agri-Food Canada Agroalimentaire Canada Impacts of Climate Change on Agro- climatic Indices in Eastern Canada Sam Gameda and Andy Bootsma Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Ottawa
Agriculture and Agriculture et Agri-Food Canada Agroalimentaire Canada CGCM1 Mean Temperature Change Summer - JJA 2050s Source: Canadian Climate Impacts Scenarios (CCIS) Group
Agriculture and Agriculture et Agri-Food Canada Agroalimentaire Canada CGCM1 Precipitation Change Summer - JJA 2050s Source: Canadian Climate Impacts Scenarios (CCIS) Group
Agriculture and Agriculture et Agri-Food Canada Agroalimentaire Canada GCMs Predict Increases in Climate Variables (e.g. Temperature, Precipitation) How will these changes affect Agro-climatic indices? What are the potential impacts on crop production?
Agriculture and Agriculture et Agri-Food Canada Agroalimentaire Canada Atlantic Canada
Agriculture and Agriculture et Agri-Food Canada Agroalimentaire Canada Average Crop Heat Units Crop Heat Units (CHU)
Agriculture and Agriculture et Agri-Food Canada Agroalimentaire Canada Effective Growing Degree Days (EGDD)
Agriculture and Agriculture et Agri-Food Canada Agroalimentaire Canada Water Deficit
Agriculture and Agriculture et Agri-Food Canada Agroalimentaire Canada Potential ACI changes: Agro-climatic index Increase under Climate Change CHU units EGDD ~ 400 units Water Deficit mm
Agriculture and Agriculture et Agri-Food Canada Agroalimentaire Canada Implications for Atlantic Canada Significant potential for Large-scale: expansion in corn and soybean areas Reduction of areas under small-grain cereals (e.g. barley)
Agriculture and Agriculture et Agri-Food Canada Agroalimentaire Canada Production scenario Yield (t/ha) Area (ha) Production (‘000 tonnes) Corn Present5.6 2, , Soybeans Present2.3 3, ,00060 Barley Present3.055, ,00079
Agriculture and Agriculture et Agri-Food Canada Agroalimentaire Canada Quebec & Ontario
Agriculture and Agriculture et Agri-Food Canada Agroalimentaire Canada
Agriculture and Agriculture et Agri-Food Canada Agroalimentaire Canada
Agriculture and Agriculture et Agri-Food Canada Agroalimentaire Canada
Agriculture and Agriculture et Agri-Food Canada Agroalimentaire Canada
Agriculture and Agriculture et Agri-Food Canada Agroalimentaire Canada
Agriculture and Agriculture et Agri-Food Canada Agroalimentaire Canada Potential ACI changes: Agro-climatic Index CurrentUnder Climate Change CHU >5200 GDD GSSEarly/Mid AprilEarly/Late March GSELate Oct/Mid NovMid/Late Nov GSL days days Water DeficitLittle change expected
Agriculture and Agriculture et Agri-Food Canada Agroalimentaire Canada Implications for Quebec & Ontario Some areas presently marginal or unsuitable for grain corn and soybean production will become suitable for these crops. Areas presently well-suited for grain corn and soybean production will be suited for longer- season hybrids, with potentially higher yields
Agriculture and Agriculture et Agri-Food Canada Agroalimentaire Canada Some Considerations These findings are based on comparisons of current 30-year climate normals (averages) with those from an equivalent future 30-year period Significant changes in variability and extreme events are anticipated under climate change
Agriculture and Agriculture et Agri-Food Canada Agroalimentaire Canada (Source: CGCM1A - Kharin and Zwiers 2000) Projected 24-h Rainfall Events Averaged over Canada
Agriculture and Agriculture et Agri-Food Canada Agroalimentaire Canada Summary Likely consequences of climate change on agriculture in Eastern Canada: Significant increases in areas under corn and soybean in Atlantic Canada. Significant increase in yields of corn and soybean in Quebec and Ontario Expected increases in variability and extreme events could have significant impact on seasonal variability and risks to production