B CHROMOSOME NUMBER VARIABILITY IN THE KOREAN FIELD MOUSE APODEMUS PENINSULAE (RODENTIA) FROM THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST G.V. Roslik, I.V. Kartavtseva Institute of Biology and Soil Science of Far- Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia

2 Apodemus peninsulae Thomas, 1906 is a polytypic species which widely distributed from East Siberia and North Mongolia, China to the Russian Far East, Korea and Japan (Hokkaido) - our data - literature data Photo by I. Kartavtseva

3 The standard chromosome set of the Korean field mouse, Apodemus peninsulae contains 48 acrocentric chromosomes and supernumerary chromosomes varying in number from 0 to 30 - in Siberia and from 0 to 7 in the Russian Far East. The B chromosomes (Bs) also had variations in size (from big to small) and in morphology – from macro to micro Bs (more frequently meta-, submetacentrics and micro Bs and rare subtelo-, acrocentrics and mini Bs)

4 The levels of B chromosome’s system variability in A. peninsulae: intrapopulational, intrapopulational, Interpopulational, Interpopulational, tissue, or individual (mosaicism), tissue, or individual (mosaicism), and variability of B’s differential staining. and variability of B’s differential staining.

5 THE AIM OF THE WORK WAS: To study mosaicism on B chromosome of the Korean field mouse Apodemus peninsulae from the Russian Far East To study mosaicism on B chromosome of the Korean field mouse Apodemus peninsulae from the Russian Far East

6 MATERIAL OF THE STUDY OF Apodemus peninsulae Thomas 1906 The intra individual mosaicism of Bs was study in 355 animals collected at 41 continental natural localities of the Russian Far East. The intra individual mosaicism of Bs was study in 355 animals collected at 41 continental natural localities of the Russian Far East. There were specimens: from Magadan, Amur, Jewish and Khabarovsk Regions (n=87), There were specimens: from Magadan, Amur, Jewish and Khabarovsk Regions (n=87), and also from Primorskiy Region (n=268). and also from Primorskiy Region (n=268).

DISTINGUISHING OF MOSAICS Mosaicism was evaluated on the basis of the number of cellular clones. Mosaics had two and more clones. Cellular clone - this is group of cells with the definite number of chromosomes. Cellular clones are isolated employing procedure D.K. Belyayev with co-authors (1974); and number of cells analysed was determined according E.B. Hook (1977). Clones are determined as the groups of the cells, when the hypoploid class composes 10% and more, and hyperploid - more or is equal to 5% (from the modal number of chromosomes).

8 Frequency of intra individual mosaicism of Bs The wood mice have very frequent occurrence of B chromosomes. It was found that 312 (87.9 %) animals possessed B chromosomes. The wood mice have very frequent occurrence of B chromosomes. It was found that 312 (87.9 %) animals possessed B chromosomes. 219 (61.7 %) were mosaics with from two to five cellular clones and 219 (61.7 %) were mosaics with from two to five cellular clones and only 136 (38,3%) mice had stable karyotypes. only 136 (38,3%) mice had stable karyotypes.

9 MOSAICISM IN DIRRERENT POPULATIONS of A. peninsulae: a–Khabarovsk Reg., b – Primorskiy Reg. Magadan Region Amur Region Jewish Region Khabarovsk Regions Primorskiy Region

10 MOSAICISM AT THE SAME POPULATION IN DIFFERENT YEARS

11 THE OCCURRENCE OF MOSAICS

12 SPECTRA OF Bs NUMBER VARIATION MR – Magadan Region, AR – Amur Region, JR – Jewish Region, KHR – Khabarovsk Region, PR – Primorskiy Region; n - number of specimens. Stable Mosaics

13 METAPHASES WITH DIFFERENT В CHROMOSOMES m m m m ST 2M+2ST (large and small) – Primorskiy Region (Nezhino vil.) 2M (middle and small) – Primorskiy Region (Ussuriyskiy Reserve) M M M M 2n=48 +4Bs 2n=48+2Bs

14 SIZE AND MORPHOLOGY TYPES OF B CHROMOSOMES (Bs) M M ST M M M M M M M M SM M-mi Macro Bs: M –metacentrics, SM- submetacentic, ST-subtelocentric and mi - mini B chromosomes, seems as metacentrics (M). 2n=48+7Bs Evoron Lake Borisovskoye plateau

15 TYPES OF B CHROMOSOMES

16 THE B CHROMOSOME SYSTEM There 78 variants of the B chromosome system have been first found out, distinguished by the number, size and morphology of B-chromosomes. There 78 variants of the B chromosome system have been first found out, distinguished by the number, size and morphology of B-chromosomes. We described 22 variants in animals with stable karyotype (n = 136). The greatest variety of the variants (up 76) has been found in mosaics divided into two subgroups - with one and with two or more prevailing variants. In the first subgroup (n = 90) 68 and in another subgroup (n = 129) combinations of the variants have been revealed. We described 22 variants in animals with stable karyotype (n = 136). The greatest variety of the variants (up 76) has been found in mosaics divided into two subgroups - with one and with two or more prevailing variants. In the first subgroup (n = 90) 68 and in another subgroup (n = 129) combinations of the variants have been revealed. The combinations of the variants and their percent correlations were often unique. The combinations of the variants and their percent correlations were often unique.

17 DISTRIBUTION OF DEFINITE VARIANTS OF THE B CHROMOSOME SYSTEM a b As rule, sector “Other” includes unique variants of the B chromosome system

18 THE OCCURRENCE VARIANTS OF THE B CHROMOSOME SYSTEM The optimum chromosome number (50) has been established as in animals with stable karyotype (a) and in mosaics (b) The optimum chromosome number (50) has been established as in animals with stable karyotype (a) and in mosaics (b) Variants = size and morphology variants. Variants = size and morphology variants. a b Mosaics Stable

19CONCLUSIONS: The predominance of mosaics have been revealed in populations of the Russian Far East. The predominance of mosaics have been revealed in populations of the Russian Far East. The percentage of mosaics are various both in the different populations and between the samples from one population, but practically no differences in the united populations of three geographic regions. The percentage of mosaics are various both in the different populations and between the samples from one population, but practically no differences in the united populations of three geographic regions.

20 CONCLUSIONS: The spectra of B chromosome variability were wider in mosaics (from 0 to 7) in comparison with animals with stable karyotype (from 0 to 4). The spectra of B chromosome variability were wider in mosaics (from 0 to 7) in comparison with animals with stable karyotype (from 0 to 4). The optimum chromosome number (50) has been established in mosaics as well in animals with stable karyotype. The optimum chromosome number (50) has been established in mosaics as well in animals with stable karyotype.

21 CONCLUSIONS: The adaptive role of the low number of B chromosomes (1-2) is assumed and the B chromosome system seems not to be balanced in the species in whole. The adaptive role of the low number of B chromosomes (1-2) is assumed and the B chromosome system seems not to be balanced in the species in whole. The distribution of mice with the similar variants of the B chromosome system in the Far-Eastern populations of species seems to be of the chaotic nature. The distribution of mice with the similar variants of the B chromosome system in the Far-Eastern populations of species seems to be of the chaotic nature.

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23 THE OCCURRENCE OF MOSAICS

24 B-CHROMOSOME NUMBERS in mosaics

25 NUMBER OF CELLULAR CLONES Mosaics were differed by number of cellular clones and their ratios. As a whole, number of clones was varied from 2 to 5 in mosaics from different localities. For example, from Amur and Jewish Regions near 40% animals had as prevailed three cellular clones and 30% had one clone (or stable karyotype). And from Khabarovsk and Primorsky Regions near 30% were specimens with two clones and near 40% ones had stable karyotypes.