Delivering real-time, advanced satellite products and modelling support to volcano monitoring and prediction Steve Tait, IPGP Susan Loughlin, BGS-NERC Evoss team, (particular thanks to BGS team)

EVOSS Targets to assist in VOLCANO CRISIS MANAGEMENT ─ Particularly to provide real-time observation support to volcano observatories or mandated institutes ─ When there is little or no ground-based monitoring Focus from SUSTAINED UNREST TO ERUPTION Capacity to deal with SEVERAL CRISES AT ONCE For LONG LASTING (months to years) and SPATIALLY SCATTERED CRISES VERY-HIGH TEMPORAL RESOLUTION is given priority over high spatial resolution, a methodological breakthrough towards REAL-TIME OPERATIONS SUSTAINABILITY AND TIMELINESS OF OPERATIONS is a priority

To develop services within the framework of the EU FP7 GMES programme to respond to major volcanic activity To deliver appropriate EO products in formats that are useful and usable for observatories and other authorities via the Virtual Volcano Observatory web portal To facilitate integration of EVOSS products in routine monitoring To appraise the service, interrogate user feedback and suggest service improvements EVOSS User-Driven Objectives

User Driven Observatories Observatories o Icelandic Meteorological Office, Iceland oGeological Survey of Uganda oCentre d’Etude et Recherche de Djibouti, Djibouti o Geological Survey of Tanzania, Dodoma, Tanzania o Observatoire Volcanologique de Goma, Congo oObservatoire Volcanologique du Karthala, Comoros o Addis Ababa Science Faculty, Ethiopia o Seismic Research Centre, University of the West Indies, Trinidad o Montserrat Volcano Observatory, Montserrat oObservatoire Volcanologique de la Soufrière de Guadeloupe, FWI oObservatoire Volcanologique de la Montagne Pelée, Martinique FWI oObservatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise, Reunion oInstituto Nacional de Meteorologia e Geofìsica, Cabo Verde oIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy VAAC VAAC o Toulouse Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre, France oLondon Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre, UK Other agreements Other agreements oESA oEUMETSAT oUNOPS

1 Stromboli (Italy) 2 Etna (Italy) 3 Jebel Al Tair (Yemen) 4 Manda Hararo (Ethiopia) 5 Dalafilla (Ethiopia) 6 Dabbahu (Ethiopia) 7 Erta Ale (Ethiopia) 8 Nyiragongo (Congo) * 9 Nyamulagira (Congo) * 10 Ol Doinyo Lengai (Tanzania) 11 Karthala (Comoros) * 12 Piton de la Fournaise (Reunion) * 13 Soufriere Hills (Montserrat) * * Hi-Res DEM and Ground Deformation service active Added after start of the project: 14Eyjafjallajökull (Iceland) 15Grimsvötn (Iceland) 16Nabro (Eritrea) 17Mt. Cameroon (Cameroon) 18Hierro (Canary) 19Jebel Zubair (Yemen) Monitored on a regular basis Theatre of EVOSS Operations

EVOSS Services ATMOSPHERIC SERVICES ─ Sulphur Dioxide by 4 polar orbiting satellites ─ Volcanic Ash plumes by geostationary SEVIRI, with an additional Operation-and-Research agreement with EUMETSAT HIGH-TEMPERATURE ANOMALY SERVICES ─ Fully automated quantitative exploitation of SEVIRI (15-min repetition rate) and automated off-line use of 2 night-time scenes of MODIS for systematic Cal/Val of results in geometrically diverging zones of the SEVIRI ‘disk’ ─ Porting of the technique to other platforms/sensors (JAMI onboard MTSAT-2) GROUND DEFORMATION SERVICES ─ Integrated exploitation of new, X- band SAR platforms COSMO-SkyMED over volcanic areas ─ DEM Development of a processing strategy for high- repetition rate rapid mapping, generation of fast, very-high quality, PS constrained Digital Elevation Models

Interaction with end-users Pre-EVOSS user requirements analysis from ESA Globvolcano project 2010 First users workshop in La Reunion with potential users worldwide including Mexico, DRC, Italy, Ethiopia (users presented their requirements)... October 2012 First demonstration of the system to users from Europe and the Caribbean (UK) January 2013 Second demonstration to users from African region (Ethiopia) June 2013 Third demonstration to users from Geological Survey of Tanzania

Successful demonstration workshops Charlotte Vye-Brown (BGS) and Kay Smith (BGS) delivered all the demonstration workshops. June 2013 at the Geological Survey of Tanzania

Demonstration A detailed user handbook was produced containing instructions on using the service and details on the product metadata At the demonstration, users were able to work through the handbook whilst interacting with the system. BGS staff provided basic instruction in EO methodologies as well as how to use the system.

Metadata in the handbook

‘Layer Manipulation’ Layer Selection Metadata Legend Layer Removal Layer Activation

‘Time Series Analysis’ Detail

Lava flow regime Modelling support Explosive column model

Updates to users A Newsletter was conceived and keeps users up-to-date with progress.

User feedback Detailed questionnaires were circulated at the demonstration workshops Response was overwhelmingly positive with assertions that the service MUST continue! Concerns about practical issues such as bandwidth availability Hopes for increased resolution and excitement about Sentinels. Comprehensive User Feedback is available in an EVOSS report

Perspectives Continue to run the system Reinforce operational robustness Extend theatre of operations (and hence user base) Start to integrate physical modelling of the volcanic source with the automated observing system

Thank you

♦ MODIS-MYMOD (±20%) ● SEVIRI-MyMET (±25%) Etna, Italy - 12 eruptions July to October, 2011