No / none / any Nothing / nobody etc.

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Presentation transcript:

No / none / any Nothing / nobody etc.

No and none We use no + noun. No = not a or not any: We had to walk home because there was no bus. (= there wasn’t a bus) Sue will have no difficulty finding a job. (= Sue won’t have any difficulty …) There were no shops open. (= There weren’t any shops open.) You can use no + noun at the beginning of a sentence: No reason was given for the change of plan.

No and none We use none without a noun: ‘How much money do you have?’ ‘None’ (= no money) All the tickets have been sold. There are none left. (= no ticket left) Or we use none of … : This money is all yours. None of it is mine. After none of + plural (none of the students, none of them etc.) the verb can be singular or plural. A plural verb is more usual: None of the shops were (or was) open.

Nothing nobody/no-one nowhere You can use these negative words at the beginning of sentence or alone (as answer to questions): Nobody (or No-one) came to visit me while I was in hospital. ‘’What happened?’ ’Nothing.’ ’Where are you going?’ ’Nowhere. I‘m staying here.‘ You can also use these words after a verb, especially after be and have: The house is empty. There’s nobody living there. We had nothing to drink.

Nothing/nobody etc. = not + anything/anybody etc.: I didn’t say anything. (= I said nothing.) Jane didn’t tell anybody about her plans. (= Jane told nobody …) They haven’t got anywhere to live. (= They’ve got nowhere to live.) With nothing / nobody etc., do not use a negative verb (isn’t, didn’t etc.): I said nothing. (not I didn’t say nothing) Nobody tells me anything. (not Nobody doesn’t tell me)

We also use any/anything/anybody etc We also use any/anything/anybody etc. (without not) to mean ’it doesn’t ’matter which/what/who. Compare no- and any- There was no bus so we walked home. You can take any bus. They all go to the centre. (= it doesn’t matter which) ’What do you want to eat?’ ’Nothing I am not hungry.’ I’m so hungry. I could eat anything. (= it doesn’t matter what) The exam was extremely difficult. Nobody passed. (= everybody failed) The exam was very easy. Anybody could have passed. (= it doesn’t matter who)

After nobody/no-one you can use they/them/their Nobody phoned, dyd they? (= did he or she) No-one did what I asked them to do. (him or her) Nobody in the class did their homework. (= his or her homework)