1 Unix Systems Administration Y. K. Chang Generic Unix Directory Structure /bin /dev /etc /sbin /home /lost+found / Root Dir /dsk /rdsk /term /pts /rmt /auth /init.d /rc2.d /skel /default /rc0.d /rc3.d

2 Unix Systems Administration Y. K. Chang Generic Unix Directory Structure /stand /var /usr /mnt /proc /tcb /tmp /bin /include /local /sharee /games /lib /sbin /ucb /adm /mail /news /preserve /cron /netlb /opt /spool /tmp /yp /lp /mail /mqueue /uucp /uucppublic /cron /lock /bin /man /X11 / Root Dir

3 Unix Systems Administration Y. K. Chang Generic Unix Directory Structure 4 /: –Base of the filesystem’s tree structure 4 /bin: –traditional location for executables. –Some systems: some files in /bin are symbolic links to files in /usr/bin, or /bin is a symbolic link to /usr/bin. –Others holding executables include /usr/ucb

4 Unix Systems Administration Y. K. Chang Generic Unix Directory Structure 4 /dev –contains device related special files. –Divided into subdir based on System V dsk and rdsk for disks accessed in block and raw mode. mt and rmt for tapes pts and ptc for pseudo-teminals term for terminal (serial line) –BSD-ish UNIX has a flat /dev –Solaris introduces /devices and files in /dev are symbolic links to ones in /devices

5 Unix Systems Administration Y. K. Chang Generic Unix Directory Structure 4 /etc –system configuration files such as administration file and boot scripts. –Traditionally, it contains executables for administrative commands, now in /usr/sbin and /sbin. 4 /sbin: system executables 4 /home –conventional location for users’ home. –Or /users

6 Unix Systems Administration Y. K. Chang Generic Unix Directory Structure 4 /lost+found –lost files referred to disk locations that are marked as in use in the data structure on the disk, but that are not listed in any directory. –Caused by incorrect system shutdown or disk errors. –Every partition has one lost+found dir. 4 /mnt –Tempory mount directory: an empty directory designed for temporarily mouting filesystems.

7 Unix Systems Administration Y. K. Chang Generic Unix Directory Structure 4 /proc –active processes’s images, designed to enable processes to be manipulated using Unix file accessing system calls 4 /tcb (trusted computing base) –security-related database files –SCO Unix, HP-UX 10 and Digital Unix. –Configuration files related /tcb in /etc/auth

8 Unix Systems Administration Y. K. Chang Generic Unix Directory Structure 4 /tmp –used as a scratch directory –cleaned regularly, normally one of the startup scripts will clean /tmp. 4 /var –spooling (/var/spool) and other volatile dir –e.g. uucp, printer, mail, and cron –some systems contain /var/opt for optional software products

9 Unix Systems Administration Y. K. Chang Generic Unix Directory Structure 4 /stand –V.4-designated for kernel image in HP-UX 10. Solaris has a similar dir /kernel. 4 /usr –contains subdir for locally generated programs, executables for user and administrative commands, shared libraries, other part –/usr/adm contains Unix accounting files and various logging files or recently linked to /var/adm

10 Unix Systems Administration Y. K. Chang Generic Unix Directory Structure 4 /usr (cont.) –/usr/bin contains binary files and shell scripts, public executables such X11 –/usr/games contains standard games, usually removed by system adm –/usr/include contains C header files. /usr/include/system has OS includes files. –/usr/lib has public library files (C lib for math and I/O in libx.a)

11 Unix Systems Administration Y. K. Chang Generic Unix Directory Structure –/usr/local has local files, /usr/local/bin has non- vendor-supplied executables. –/user/share has shared data, such as online manual pages, font directories, files for spell –/usr/ucb has standard Unix commands origianlly developed under BSD. Under IRIX, it is linked to /usr/bsd –/usr/share/man is one location for manual pages. Traditionally, subdir mann has raw pages and catn has formatted versions of troff or nroff.

12 Unix Systems Administration Y. K. Chang Generic Unix Directory Structure 4 /usr (cont.) IRIX follows an older variant, using /usr/share/catman which has several subdir: a_man, g_man, p_man, and u_man for administrative, graphics, programming, and user manual pages. Or /usr/man