ESA Atmospheric Satellite Missions Ben Veihelmann Atmospheric Section of the Mission Science Division ESA/ESTEC ben.veihelmann@esa.int, +31-72-565-5210 Atmospheric Composition Observational Requirements Task Team Meeting #1, 10-13 Nov 2014, WMO, Geneva, Switzerland

ESA Atmospheric Satellite Missions Copernicus Sentinel Missions Earth Explorer Missions

ESA Atmospheric Satellite Missions Expected Mission Lifetime Mission Year 20** 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Sentinel-3   Sentinel-4 Sentinel-5 Sentinel-5 Precursor EarthCARE ADM Aeolus CarbonSat FLEX Copernicus Sentinel Mission Earth Explorer Mission Earth Explorer 8 Candidate Mission

ESA Atmospheric Satellite Missions Atmospheric Composition Monitoring Services Themes addressed per Mission Mission Service Stratospheric Processes Global & Regional Air Quality Climate Volcanic Emissions Sentinel-3   Sentinel-4 Sentinel-5 Sentinel-5 Precursor EarthCARE ADM Aeolus aerosol by-product CarbonSat FLEX Copernicus Sentinel Mission Earth Explorer Mission Earth Explorer 8 Candidate Mission

Atmospheric Composition Products Of Sentinels #) Sentinel-4 and -5 Level-2 product lists are TBC ; grey X: priority 2 Product Application Copernicus Sentinel Mission Air Quality Climate Stratosp. processes other S3 S4(#) S5(#) S5P O3 total & trop. col. X O3 enhanced sensitivity to lower trop. Synergy MTG-IRS O3 stratospheric profile NO2 total & trop. col. SO2 total column volcanic emission CHOCHO total column NMVOC emission TBC CH2O total column VOC emission Aerosol optical depth / type / index volcanic emission & aux Aerosol height CH4 CO H2O X? NWP? CO2 HDO UT/LS exchange Cloud characteristics auxiliary Surface characteristics

Earth Explorer Mission Atmospheric Composition Products of Earth Explorer (Candidate) Missions Product Application Earth Explorer Mission Air Quality Climate other ADM Aeolus EarthCARE CarbonSat FLEX A e r o s l optical thickness X auxiliary By-product Ext. coeff. profile Type Ångström coeff. Cloud characteristics CH4 H2O CO2 Earth Explorer Mission Earth Explorer 8 Candidate Mission

Applications of Atmospheric Composition User Requirements User Reqs. Mission Reqs. System Reqs.  Driving application areas in red  Later than IGACO 2004, consider URs for update Sentinel-4/-5  Air quality protocol monitoring & near-real time services, climate protocol monitoring Capacity Study Final report IGACO report (GAW 159) GMES Atmosphere Services Implementation Group Final Report Science Requirements Document for TROPOMI (S5P) Camelot study results, S-4/-5 Mission Advisory Group advice CarbonSat  climate protocol monitoring & scientific assessment Mission Requirement Document v1.2 Climate Change Initiative  Fundamental Climate Data Records of EVCs meeting requirements of GCOS, MACC, CMUG GHG-CCI URD v2 (CO2 and CH4 regional sources & sinks) Ozone-CCI URD v2.1 Aerosol-CCI URD v1.4

Lessons Learnt from Applying these User Requirements in S-4/-5/-5P UR tables in TROPOMI Science Requirements Doc Relax threshold for HCHO (OSCAR 15%) and SO2 (OSCAR 20%). Measurements useful after temporal and/or spatial averaging Define abundance lower limit (x0) for relative error and absolute error (sx) for background conditions Distinguish systematic and random errors (already in IGACO 2004) Specify UR for glyoxal? ( non-methane VOC emission estimates) Specify UR for ammonia? ( PM formation, human and plant health) sx x0

Lessons Learnt from Applying these User Requirements in CCI UR Tables in CCI URDs for GHG, O3 and aerosol Distinguish bias and temporal stability of bias for CO2 and CH4 Combine GHG single-measurement precision with number of (useful) data in a given spatio-temporal interval Associate aerosol accuracy and stability to spatial and temporal resolution Define absolute accuracy limit for low AOD and instantaneous local scale data; relative limit for larger regions and detection of trends. sx x0

Thank you for your attention! Ben Veihelmann Atmospheric Section of the Mission Science Division ESA/ESTEC ben.veihelmann@esa.int, +31-72-565-5210

Backup slides

Sentinel-3 Mission Objective: European global land and ocean monitoring. 2 day global coverage, real-time (<3h) products Key Facts Launch 2015 with Rockot/Vega 7 year lifetime (consumables for 12 years) Sun-synchronous orbit 10h at desc. node, 27-days repeat Operational configuration 2 satellites Payload OLCI (Ocean and Land Colour Instrument) SLSTR (Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer) SRAL (Sentinel-3 Ku/C Radar Altimeter) MWR (MicroWave Radiometer) POD (Precise Orbit Determination)

Sentinel-4 Mission Implementation Yaw-flip at equinox UVN IRS Application: Air quality Instrumentation: UV-VIS-NIR spectrometer Use of thermal IR sounder (IRS) and imager (FCI) on MTG-I UV-VIS-NIR with spectral bands 305 – 500 nm and 750 – 775 nm Spatial sampling of 8 km at 45°N and spectral resolution between 0.12 nm and 0.5 nm Geostationary orbit, at about 0o longitude Embarked on MTG-Sounder Satellite and operated by EUMETSAT

Sentinel–5 Mission Implementation Applications: air quality, climate forcing and stratospheric ozone, tropospheric chemistry Instrumentation: UV-VIS-NIR-SWIR spectrometer Use of thermal IR sounder, cloud imager and polarisation imager UV-Visible (270-500nm) NIR (685-775nm) SWIR (1590–1675nm; 2305-2385nm) Spectrometers with spectral resolutions between 0.25 nm and 1.0 nm Spatial sampling with 50 (T)/15 (G) km < 300nm and 15 (T)/5(G) km > 300 nm Global daily coverage Sun-synchronous Low Earth Orbit platform at 824 km mean altitude Embarked on EPS-SG, operated by EUMETSAT

Sentinel–5 Precursor Mission Implementation Applications: air quality, climate forcing and stratospheric ozone, tropospheric chemistry Instrumentation: UV-VIS-NIR-SWIR spectrometer (UVN = NL, SWIR = ESA) UV-Visible (270-500nm) NIR (675-775nm) and SWIR (2305-2385nm) Grating spectrometer Global daily coverage with 7 km sampling at nadir Sun-synchronous Low Earth Orbit platform at 824 km mean altitude Guarantees data delivery for GMES Atmospheric Services 2016-2020

Sentinel-4/-5/-5P Mission Implementation Platform Instrument Utilization of data from Imager Infrared sounder Other Sentinel-4 MTG-S UVN spectrometer FCI IRS LI Sentinel-5 Metop-SG UVNS spectrometer VII IAS 3MI Sentinel-5 Precursor dedicated LEO UVNS spectrometer TROPOMI VIIRS CrIS OMPS MTG-S/I = Meteosat Third Generation Sounder/Imager MetOp-SG = MetOp-Second Generation SNPP = Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership JPSS = Joint Polar Satellite System UVNS = UVN + Short wave infrared VII = Visible/Infrared Imager (MetImage) IAS = Infrared Atmospheric Sounder (IASI-NG) 3MI = Multi-viewing, -channel, -polarisation Imager TROPOMI = TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument VIIRS = Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite CrIS = Cross-track Infrared Sounder OMPS = Ozone Mapping Profiler Suite UVN = Ultraviolet + Visible + Near infrared FCI = Flexible Combined Imager (on MTG-I) IRS = InfraRed Sounder LI = Lightning Imager (on MTG-I)